/// \copyright SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
/// \author Леонид Юрьев aka Leonid Yuriev <leo@yuriev.ru> \date 2015-2025
/* clang-format off */

#define MDBX_BUILD_SOURCERY 4df7f8f177aee7f9f94c4e72f0d732384e9a870d7d79b8142abdeb4633e710cd_v0_13_6_0_ga971c76a

#define LIBMDBX_INTERNALS
#define MDBX_DEPRECATED

#ifdef MDBX_CONFIG_H
#include MDBX_CONFIG_H
#endif

/* Undefine the NDEBUG if debugging is enforced by MDBX_DEBUG */
#if (defined(MDBX_DEBUG) && MDBX_DEBUG > 0) || (defined(MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS) && MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS)
#undef NDEBUG
#ifndef MDBX_DEBUG
/* Чтобы избежать включения отладки только из-за включения assert-проверок */
#define MDBX_DEBUG 0
#endif
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/** Disables using GNU/Linux libc extensions.
 * \ingroup build_option
 * \note This option couldn't be moved to the options.h since dependent
 * control macros/defined should be prepared before include the options.h */
#ifndef MDBX_DISABLE_GNU_SOURCE
#define MDBX_DISABLE_GNU_SOURCE 0
#endif
#if MDBX_DISABLE_GNU_SOURCE
#undef _GNU_SOURCE
#elif (defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif /* MDBX_DISABLE_GNU_SOURCE */

/* Should be defined before any includes */
#if !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && !defined(__ANDROID_API__) && !defined(ANDROID)
#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
#endif /* _FILE_OFFSET_BITS */

#if defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(_DARWIN_C_SOURCE)
#define _DARWIN_C_SOURCE
#endif /* _DARWIN_C_SOURCE */

#if (defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)) && !defined(__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO)
#define __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO 1
#endif /* MinGW */

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(_WINDOWS)

#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601 /* Windows 7 */
#endif                      /* _WIN32_WINNT */

#if !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#endif /* _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS */
#if !defined(UNICODE)
#define UNICODE
#endif /* UNICODE */

#if !defined(_NO_CRT_STDIO_INLINE) && MDBX_BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY && !defined(xMDBX_TOOLS) && MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT
#define _NO_CRT_STDIO_INLINE
#endif /* _NO_CRT_STDIO_INLINE */

#elif !defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE)
#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
#endif /* Windows */

#ifdef __cplusplus

#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif /* NOMINMAX */

/* Workaround for modern libstdc++ with CLANG < 4.x */
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !defined(__GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_0) && defined(__clang__) && __clang_major__ < 4
#define __GLIBCXX_BITSIZE_INT_N_0 128
#define __GLIBCXX_TYPE_INT_N_0 __int128
#endif /* Workaround for modern libstdc++ with CLANG < 4.x */

#ifdef _MSC_VER
/* Workaround for MSVC' header `extern "C"` vs `std::` redefinition bug */
#if defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__) && !defined(_DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION)
#define _DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION
#endif /* _DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION */
#endif /* _MSC_VER */

#endif /* __cplusplus */

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#if _MSC_FULL_VER < 190024234
/* Actually libmdbx was not tested with compilers older than 19.00.24234 (Visual
 * Studio 2015 Update 3). But you could remove this #error and try to continue
 * at your own risk. In such case please don't rise up an issues related ONLY to
 * old compilers.
 *
 * NOTE:
 *   Unfortunately, there are several different builds of "Visual Studio" that
 *   are called "Visual Studio 2015 Update 3".
 *
 *   The 190024234 is used here because it is minimal version of Visual Studio
 *   that was used for build and testing libmdbx in recent years. Soon this
 *   value will be increased to 19.0.24241.7, since build and testing using
 *   "Visual Studio 2015" will be performed only at https://ci.appveyor.com.
 *
 *   Please ask Microsoft (but not us) for information about version differences
 *   and how to and where you can obtain the latest "Visual Studio 2015" build
 *   with all fixes.
 */
#error "At least \"Microsoft C/C++ Compiler\" version 19.00.24234 (Visual Studio 2015 Update 3) is required."
#endif
#if _MSC_VER > 1800
#pragma warning(disable : 4464) /* relative include path contains '..' */
#endif
#if _MSC_VER > 1913
#pragma warning(disable : 5045) /* will insert Spectre mitigation... */
#endif
#if _MSC_VER > 1914
#pragma warning(disable : 5105) /* winbase.h(9531): warning C5105: macro expansion                                     \
                                   producing 'defined' has undefined behavior */
#endif
#if _MSC_VER < 1920
/* avoid "error C2219: syntax error: type qualifier must be after '*'" */
#define __restrict
#endif
#if _MSC_VER > 1930
#pragma warning(disable : 6235) /* <expression> is always a constant */
#pragma warning(disable : 6237) /* <expression> is never evaluated and might                                           \
                                   have side effects */
#endif
#pragma warning(disable : 4710) /* 'xyz': function not inlined */
#pragma warning(disable : 4711) /* function 'xyz' selected for automatic                                               \
                                   inline expansion */
#pragma warning(disable : 4201) /* nonstandard extension used: nameless                                                \
                                   struct/union */
#pragma warning(disable : 4702) /* unreachable code */
#pragma warning(disable : 4706) /* assignment within conditional expression */
#pragma warning(disable : 4127) /* conditional expression is constant */
#pragma warning(disable : 4324) /* 'xyz': structure was padded due to                                                  \
                                   alignment specifier */
#pragma warning(disable : 4310) /* cast truncates constant value */
#pragma warning(disable : 4820) /* bytes padding added after data member for                                           \
                                   alignment */
#pragma warning(disable : 4548) /* expression before comma has no effect;                                              \
                                   expected expression with side - effect */
#pragma warning(disable : 4366) /* the result of the unary '&' operator may be                                         \
                                   unaligned */
#pragma warning(disable : 4200) /* nonstandard extension used: zero-sized                                              \
                                   array in struct/union */
#pragma warning(disable : 4204) /* nonstandard extension used: non-constant                                            \
                                   aggregate initializer */
#pragma warning(disable : 4505) /* unreferenced local function has been removed */
#endif                          /* _MSC_VER (warnings) */

#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 9
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wattributes"
#endif /* GCC < 9 */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Microsoft compiler generates a lot of warning for self includes... */

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push, 1)
#pragma warning(disable : 4548) /* expression before comma has no effect;                                              \
                                   expected expression with side - effect */
#pragma warning(disable : 4530) /* C++ exception handler used, but unwind                                              \
                                 * semantics are not enabled. Specify /EHsc */
#pragma warning(disable : 4577) /* 'noexcept' used with no exception handling                                          \
                                 * mode specified; termination on exception is                                         \
                                 * not guaranteed. Specify /EHsc */
#endif                          /* _MSC_VER (warnings) */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* basic C99 includes */

#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* feature testing */

#ifndef __has_warning
#define __has_warning(x) (0)
#endif

#ifndef __has_include
#define __has_include(x) (0)
#endif

#ifndef __has_attribute
#define __has_attribute(x) (0)
#endif

#ifndef __has_cpp_attribute
#define __has_cpp_attribute(x) 0
#endif

#ifndef __has_feature
#define __has_feature(x) (0)
#endif

#ifndef __has_extension
#define __has_extension(x) (0)
#endif

#ifndef __has_builtin
#define __has_builtin(x) (0)
#endif

#if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
#define __SANITIZE_THREAD__ 1
#endif

#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
#define __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ 1
#endif

#ifndef __GNUC_PREREQ
#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__)
#define __GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min) ((__GNUC__ << 16) + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= ((maj) << 16) + (min))
#else
#define __GNUC_PREREQ(maj, min) (0)
#endif
#endif /* __GNUC_PREREQ */

#ifndef __CLANG_PREREQ
#ifdef __clang__
#define __CLANG_PREREQ(maj, min) ((__clang_major__ << 16) + __clang_minor__ >= ((maj) << 16) + (min))
#else
#define __CLANG_PREREQ(maj, min) (0)
#endif
#endif /* __CLANG_PREREQ */

#ifndef __GLIBC_PREREQ
#if defined(__GLIBC__) && defined(__GLIBC_MINOR__)
#define __GLIBC_PREREQ(maj, min) ((__GLIBC__ << 16) + __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= ((maj) << 16) + (min))
#else
#define __GLIBC_PREREQ(maj, min) (0)
#endif
#endif /* __GLIBC_PREREQ */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* pre-requirements */

#if (-6 & 5) || CHAR_BIT != 8 || UINT_MAX < 0xffffffff || ULONG_MAX % 0xFFFF
#error "Sanity checking failed: Two's complement, reasonably sized integer types"
#endif

#ifndef SSIZE_MAX
#define SSIZE_MAX INTPTR_MAX
#endif

#if defined(__GNUC__) && !__GNUC_PREREQ(4, 2)
/* Actually libmdbx was not tested with compilers older than GCC 4.2.
 * But you could ignore this warning at your own risk.
 * In such case please don't rise up an issues related ONLY to old compilers.
 */
#warning "libmdbx required GCC >= 4.2"
#endif

#if defined(__clang__) && !__CLANG_PREREQ(3, 8)
/* Actually libmdbx was not tested with CLANG older than 3.8.
 * But you could ignore this warning at your own risk.
 * In such case please don't rise up an issues related ONLY to old compilers.
 */
#warning "libmdbx required CLANG >= 3.8"
#endif

#if defined(__GLIBC__) && !__GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 12)
/* Actually libmdbx was not tested with something older than glibc 2.12.
 * But you could ignore this warning at your own risk.
 * In such case please don't rise up an issues related ONLY to old systems.
 */
#warning "libmdbx was only tested with GLIBC >= 2.12."
#endif

#ifdef __SANITIZE_THREAD__
#warning "libmdbx don't compatible with ThreadSanitizer, you will get a lot of false-positive issues."
#endif /* __SANITIZE_THREAD__ */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* C11' alignas() */

#if __has_include(<stdalign.h>)
#include <stdalign.h>
#endif
#if defined(alignas) || defined(__cplusplus)
#define MDBX_ALIGNAS(N) alignas(N)
#elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
#define MDBX_ALIGNAS(N) _Alignas(N)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define MDBX_ALIGNAS(N) __declspec(align(N))
#elif __has_attribute(__aligned__) || defined(__GNUC__)
#define MDBX_ALIGNAS(N) __attribute__((__aligned__(N)))
#else
#error "FIXME: Required alignas() or equivalent."
#endif /* MDBX_ALIGNAS */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Systems macros and includes */

#ifndef __extern_C
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define __extern_C extern "C"
#else
#define __extern_C
#endif
#endif /* __extern_C */

#if !defined(nullptr) && !defined(__cplusplus) || (__cplusplus < 201103L && !defined(_MSC_VER))
#define nullptr NULL
#endif

#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(_DARWIN_C_SOURCE)
#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
#include <TargetConditionals.h>
#ifndef MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
#define MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED 1070 /* Mac OS X 10.7, 2011 */
#endif
#endif /* Apple OSX & iOS */

#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__BSD__) || defined(__bsdi__) ||    \
    defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__)
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#elif defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
#include <uvm/uvm_param.h>
#else
#define SYSCTL_LEGACY_NONCONST_MIB
#endif
#ifndef __MACH__
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#endif
#else
#include <malloc.h>
#if !(defined(__sun) || defined(__SVR4) || defined(__svr4__) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64))
#include <mntent.h>
#endif /* !Solaris */
#endif /* !xBSD */

#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || __has_include(<malloc_np.h>)
#include <malloc_np.h>
#endif

#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__) || __has_include(<malloc/malloc.h>)
#include <malloc/malloc.h>
#endif /* MacOS */

#if defined(__MACH__)
#include <mach/host_info.h>
#include <mach/mach_host.h>
#include <mach/mach_port.h>
#include <uuid/uuid.h>
#endif

#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#include <sys/statfs.h>
#endif /* Linux */

#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 0
#endif

#ifndef _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 0
#else
#include <utmpx.h>
#endif /* _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED */

#if defined(__sun) || defined(__SVR4) || defined(__svr4__)
#include <kstat.h>
#include <sys/mnttab.h>
/* On Solaris, it's easier to add a missing prototype rather than find a
 * combination of #defines that break nothing. */
__extern_C key_t ftok(const char *, int);
#endif /* SunOS/Solaris */

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64) /*-------------------------------------*/

#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601 /* Windows 7 */
#elif _WIN32_WINNT < 0x0500
#error At least 'Windows 2000' API is required for libmdbx.
#endif /* _WIN32_WINNT */
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#endif /* WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN */
#include <windows.h>
#include <winnt.h>
#include <winternl.h>

/* После подгрузки windows.h, чтобы избежать проблем со сборкой MINGW и т.п. */
#include <excpt.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>

#else /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#include <unistd.h>
#if !defined(_POSIX_MAPPED_FILES) || _POSIX_MAPPED_FILES < 1
#error "libmdbx requires the _POSIX_MAPPED_FILES feature"
#endif /* _POSIX_MAPPED_FILES */

#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/statvfs.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>

#endif /*---------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) || defined(ANDROID)
#include <android/log.h>
#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#endif
#if defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && _FILE_OFFSET_BITS != MDBX_WORDBITS
#error "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS != MDBX_WORDBITS" (_FILE_OFFSET_BITS != MDBX_WORDBITS)
#elif defined(__FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && __FILE_OFFSET_BITS != MDBX_WORDBITS
#error "__FILE_OFFSET_BITS != MDBX_WORDBITS" (__FILE_OFFSET_BITS != MDBX_WORDBITS)
#endif
#endif /* Android */

#if defined(HAVE_SYS_STAT_H) || __has_include(<sys/stat.h>)
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H) || __has_include(<sys/types.h>)
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_FILE_H) || __has_include(<sys/file.h>)
#include <sys/file.h>
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Byteorder */

#if defined(i386) || defined(__386) || defined(__i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(i486) || defined(__i486) ||     \
    defined(__i486__) || defined(i586) || defined(__i586) || defined(__i586__) || defined(i686) || defined(__i686) ||  \
    defined(__i686__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_X86_) || defined(__THW_INTEL__) || defined(__I86__) ||           \
    defined(__INTEL__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__amd64) ||        \
    defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__IA32__) || defined(__INTEL__)
#ifndef __ia32__
/* LY: define neutral __ia32__ for x86 and x86-64 */
#define __ia32__ 1
#endif /* __ia32__ */
#if !defined(__amd64__) &&                                                                                             \
    (defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64))
/* LY: define trusty __amd64__ for all AMD64/x86-64 arch */
#define __amd64__ 1
#endif /* __amd64__ */
#endif /* all x86 */

#if !defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) || !defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) || !defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)

#if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) || defined(__ANDROID_API__) || defined(HAVE_ENDIAN_H) ||            \
    __has_include(<endian.h>)
#include <endian.h>
#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(HAVE_MACHINE_ENDIAN_H) ||             \
    __has_include(<machine/endian.h>)
#include <machine/endian.h>
#elif defined(HAVE_SYS_ISA_DEFS_H) || __has_include(<sys/isa_defs.h>)
#include <sys/isa_defs.h>
#elif (defined(HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H) && defined(HAVE_SYS_ENDIAN_H)) ||                                                     \
    (__has_include(<sys/types.h>) && __has_include(<sys/endian.h>))
#include <sys/endian.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#elif defined(__bsdi__) || defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) ||                    \
    defined(HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H) || __has_include(<sys/param.h>)
#include <sys/param.h>
#endif /* OS */

#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
#define __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ __LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ __BIG_ENDIAN
#define __BYTE_ORDER__ __BYTE_ORDER
#elif defined(_BYTE_ORDER) && defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)
#define __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ _LITTLE_ENDIAN
#define __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ _BIG_ENDIAN
#define __BYTE_ORDER__ _BYTE_ORDER
#else
#define __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ 1234
#define __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ 4321

#if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__) || (defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)) || defined(__ARMEL__) ||          \
    defined(__THUMBEL__) || defined(__AARCH64EL__) || defined(__MIPSEL__) || defined(_MIPSEL) || defined(__MIPSEL) ||  \
    defined(_M_ARM) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__e2k__) || defined(__elbrus_4c__) || defined(__elbrus_8c__) ||    \
    defined(__bfin__) || defined(__BFIN__) || defined(__ia64__) || defined(_IA64) || defined(__IA64__) ||              \
    defined(__ia64) || defined(_M_IA64) || defined(__itanium__) || defined(__ia32__) || defined(__CYGWIN__) ||         \
    defined(_WIN64) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(__TOS_WIN__) || defined(__WINDOWS__)
#define __BYTE_ORDER__ __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__

#elif defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__) || (defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && !defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)) || defined(__ARMEB__) ||           \
    defined(__THUMBEB__) || defined(__AARCH64EB__) || defined(__MIPSEB__) || defined(_MIPSEB) || defined(__MIPSEB) ||  \
    defined(__m68k__) || defined(M68000) || defined(__hppa__) || defined(__hppa) || defined(__HPPA__) ||               \
    defined(__sparc__) || defined(__sparc) || defined(__370__) || defined(__THW_370__) || defined(__s390__) ||         \
    defined(__s390x__) || defined(__SYSC_ZARCH__)
#define __BYTE_ORDER__ __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__

#else
#error __BYTE_ORDER__ should be defined.
#endif /* Arch */

#endif
#endif /* __BYTE_ORDER__ || __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__ || __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__ */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Availability of CMOV or equivalent */

#ifndef MDBX_HAVE_CMOV
#if defined(__e2k__)
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 1
#elif defined(__thumb2__) || defined(__thumb2)
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 1
#elif defined(__thumb__) || defined(__thumb) || defined(__TARGET_ARCH_THUMB)
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 0
#elif defined(_M_ARM) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__aarch64) || defined(__arm__) ||        \
    defined(__arm) || defined(__CC_ARM)
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 1
#elif (defined(__riscv__) || defined(__riscv64)) && (defined(__riscv_b) || defined(__riscv_bitmanip))
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 1
#elif defined(i686) || defined(__i686) || defined(__i686__) || (defined(_M_IX86) && _M_IX86 > 600) ||                  \
    defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(__amd64) || defined(_M_X64) ||           \
    defined(_M_AMD64)
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 1
#else
#define MDBX_HAVE_CMOV 0
#endif
#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_CMOV */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Compiler's includes for builtins/intrinsics */

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
#include <intrin.h>
#elif __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 4) || defined(__clang__)
#if defined(__e2k__)
#include <e2kintrin.h>
#include <x86intrin.h>
#endif /* __e2k__ */
#if defined(__ia32__)
#include <cpuid.h>
#include <x86intrin.h>
#endif /* __ia32__ */
#ifdef __ARM_NEON
#include <arm_neon.h>
#endif
#elif defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__sun) || defined(sun)
#include <mbarrier.h>
#elif (defined(_HPUX_SOURCE) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__HP_aCC)) && (defined(HP_IA64) || defined(__ia64))
#include <machine/sys/inline.h>
#elif defined(__IBMC__) && defined(__powerpc)
#include <atomic.h>
#elif defined(_AIX)
#include <builtins.h>
#include <sys/atomic_op.h>
#elif (defined(__osf__) && defined(__DECC)) || defined(__alpha)
#include <c_asm.h>
#include <machine/builtins.h>
#elif defined(__MWERKS__)
/* CodeWarrior - troubles ? */
#pragma gcc_extensions
#elif defined(__SNC__)
/* Sony PS3 - troubles ? */
#elif defined(__hppa__) || defined(__hppa)
#include <machine/inline.h>
#else
#error Unsupported C compiler, please use GNU C 4.4 or newer
#endif /* Compiler */

#if !defined(__noop) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
#define __noop                                                                                                         \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
  } while (0)
#endif /* __noop */

#if defined(__fallthrough) && (defined(__MINGW__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__))
#undef __fallthrough
#endif /* __fallthrough workaround for MinGW */

#ifndef __fallthrough
#if defined(__cplusplus) && (__has_cpp_attribute(fallthrough) && (!defined(__clang__) || __clang__ > 4)) ||            \
    __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define __fallthrough [[fallthrough]]
#elif __GNUC_PREREQ(8, 0) && defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
#define __fallthrough [[fallthrough]]
#elif __GNUC_PREREQ(7, 0) && (!defined(__LCC__) || (__LCC__ == 124 && __LCC_MINOR__ >= 12) ||                          \
                              (__LCC__ == 125 && __LCC_MINOR__ >= 5) || (__LCC__ >= 126))
#define __fallthrough __attribute__((__fallthrough__))
#elif defined(__clang__) && defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L && __has_feature(cxx_attributes) &&         \
    __has_warning("-Wimplicit-fallthrough")
#define __fallthrough [[clang::fallthrough]]
#else
#define __fallthrough
#endif
#endif /* __fallthrough */

#ifndef __unreachable
#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 5) || __has_builtin(__builtin_unreachable)
#define __unreachable() __builtin_unreachable()
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define __unreachable() __assume(0)
#else
#define __unreachable()                                                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
  } while (1)
#endif
#endif /* __unreachable */

#ifndef __prefetch
#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) || __has_builtin(__builtin_prefetch)
#define __prefetch(ptr) __builtin_prefetch(ptr)
#else
#define __prefetch(ptr)                                                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    (void)(ptr);                                                                                                       \
  } while (0)
#endif
#endif /* __prefetch */

#ifndef offsetof
#define offsetof(type, member) __builtin_offsetof(type, member)
#endif /* offsetof */

#ifndef container_of
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ((type *)((char *)(ptr) - offsetof(type, member)))
#endif /* container_of */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* useful attributes */

#ifndef __always_inline
#if defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__always_inline__)
#define __always_inline __inline __attribute__((__always_inline__))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define __always_inline __forceinline
#else
#define __always_inline __inline
#endif
#endif /* __always_inline */

#ifndef __noinline
#if defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__noinline__)
#define __noinline __attribute__((__noinline__))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define __noinline __declspec(noinline)
#else
#define __noinline
#endif
#endif /* __noinline */

#ifndef __must_check_result
#if defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__warn_unused_result__)
#define __must_check_result __attribute__((__warn_unused_result__))
#else
#define __must_check_result
#endif
#endif /* __must_check_result */

#ifndef __nothrow
#if defined(__cplusplus)
#if __cplusplus < 201703L
#define __nothrow throw()
#else
#define __nothrow noexcept(true)
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__nothrow__)
#define __nothrow __attribute__((__nothrow__))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(__cplusplus)
#define __nothrow __declspec(nothrow)
#else
#define __nothrow
#endif
#endif /* __nothrow */

#ifndef __hidden
#if defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__visibility__)
#define __hidden __attribute__((__visibility__("hidden")))
#else
#define __hidden
#endif
#endif /* __hidden */

#ifndef __optimize
#if defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
#if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)) || __has_attribute(__optimize__)
#define __optimize(ops) __attribute__((__optimize__(ops)))
#else
#define __optimize(ops)
#endif
#else
#define __optimize(ops)
#endif
#endif /* __optimize */

#ifndef __hot
#if defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
#if defined(__clang__) && !__has_attribute(__hot__) && __has_attribute(__section__) &&                                 \
    (defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__))
/* just put frequently used functions in separate section */
#define __hot __attribute__((__section__("text.hot"))) __optimize("O3")
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__hot__)
#define __hot __attribute__((__hot__))
#else
#define __hot __optimize("O3")
#endif
#else
#define __hot
#endif
#endif /* __hot */

#ifndef __cold
#if defined(__OPTIMIZE__)
#if defined(__clang__) && !__has_attribute(__cold__) && __has_attribute(__section__) &&                                \
    (defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__))
/* just put infrequently used functions in separate section */
#define __cold __attribute__((__section__("text.unlikely"))) __optimize("Os")
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__cold__)
#define __cold __attribute__((__cold__))
#else
#define __cold __optimize("Os")
#endif
#else
#define __cold
#endif
#endif /* __cold */

#ifndef __flatten
#if defined(__OPTIMIZE__) && (defined(__GNUC__) || __has_attribute(__flatten__))
#define __flatten __attribute__((__flatten__))
#else
#define __flatten
#endif
#endif /* __flatten */

#ifndef likely
#if (defined(__GNUC__) || __has_builtin(__builtin_expect)) && !defined(__COVERITY__)
#define likely(cond) __builtin_expect(!!(cond), 1)
#else
#define likely(x) (!!(x))
#endif
#endif /* likely */

#ifndef unlikely
#if (defined(__GNUC__) || __has_builtin(__builtin_expect)) && !defined(__COVERITY__)
#define unlikely(cond) __builtin_expect(!!(cond), 0)
#else
#define unlikely(x) (!!(x))
#endif
#endif /* unlikely */

#ifndef __anonymous_struct_extension__
#if defined(__GNUC__)
#define __anonymous_struct_extension__ __extension__
#else
#define __anonymous_struct_extension__
#endif
#endif /* __anonymous_struct_extension__ */

#ifndef MDBX_WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE
#ifdef WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE
#define MDBX_WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE
#elif __has_attribute(__weak__) && __has_attribute(__weak_import__)
#define MDBX_WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__((__weak__, __weak_import__))
#elif __has_attribute(__weak__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4 && defined(__ELF__))
#define MDBX_WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__((__weak__))
#else
#define MDBX_WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE
#endif
#endif /* MDBX_WEAK_IMPORT_ATTRIBUTE */

#if !defined(__thread) && (defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__DMC__))
#define __thread __declspec(thread)
#endif /* __thread */

#ifndef MDBX_EXCLUDE_FOR_GPROF
#ifdef ENABLE_GPROF
#define MDBX_EXCLUDE_FOR_GPROF __attribute__((__no_instrument_function__, __no_profile_instrument_function__))
#else
#define MDBX_EXCLUDE_FOR_GPROF
#endif /* ENABLE_GPROF */
#endif /* MDBX_EXCLUDE_FOR_GPROF */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef expect_with_probability
#if defined(__builtin_expect_with_probability) || __has_builtin(__builtin_expect_with_probability) ||                  \
    __GNUC_PREREQ(9, 0)
#define expect_with_probability(expr, value, prob) __builtin_expect_with_probability(expr, value, prob)
#else
#define expect_with_probability(expr, value, prob) (expr)
#endif
#endif /* expect_with_probability */

#ifndef MDBX_GOOFY_MSVC_STATIC_ANALYZER
#ifdef _PREFAST_
#define MDBX_GOOFY_MSVC_STATIC_ANALYZER 1
#else
#define MDBX_GOOFY_MSVC_STATIC_ANALYZER 0
#endif
#endif /* MDBX_GOOFY_MSVC_STATIC_ANALYZER */

#if MDBX_GOOFY_MSVC_STATIC_ANALYZER || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1919)
#define MDBX_ANALYSIS_ASSUME(expr) __analysis_assume(expr)
#ifdef _PREFAST_
#define MDBX_SUPPRESS_GOOFY_MSVC_ANALYZER(warn_id) __pragma(prefast(suppress : warn_id))
#else
#define MDBX_SUPPRESS_GOOFY_MSVC_ANALYZER(warn_id) __pragma(warning(suppress : warn_id))
#endif
#else
#define MDBX_ANALYSIS_ASSUME(expr) assert(expr)
#define MDBX_SUPPRESS_GOOFY_MSVC_ANALYZER(warn_id)
#endif /* MDBX_GOOFY_MSVC_STATIC_ANALYZER */

#ifndef FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS
#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || (!defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_MSC_VER))
#define FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS 1
#else
#define FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS 0
#endif
#endif /* FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Valgrind and Address Sanitizer */

#if defined(ENABLE_MEMCHECK)
#include <valgrind/memcheck.h>
#ifndef VALGRIND_DISABLE_ADDR_ERROR_REPORTING_IN_RANGE
/* LY: available since Valgrind 3.10 */
#define VALGRIND_DISABLE_ADDR_ERROR_REPORTING_IN_RANGE(a, s)
#define VALGRIND_ENABLE_ADDR_ERROR_REPORTING_IN_RANGE(a, s)
#endif
#elif !defined(RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND)
#define VALGRIND_CREATE_MEMPOOL(h, r, z)
#define VALGRIND_DESTROY_MEMPOOL(h)
#define VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_TRIM(h, a, s)
#define VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_ALLOC(h, a, s)
#define VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_FREE(h, a)
#define VALGRIND_MEMPOOL_CHANGE(h, a, b, s)
#define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_NOACCESS(a, s)
#define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(a, s)
#define VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(a, s)
#define VALGRIND_DISABLE_ADDR_ERROR_REPORTING_IN_RANGE(a, s)
#define VALGRIND_ENABLE_ADDR_ERROR_REPORTING_IN_RANGE(a, s)
#define VALGRIND_CHECK_MEM_IS_ADDRESSABLE(a, s) (0)
#define VALGRIND_CHECK_MEM_IS_DEFINED(a, s) (0)
#define RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND (0)
#endif /* ENABLE_MEMCHECK */

#ifdef __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
#elif !defined(ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION)
#define ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(addr, size) ((void)(addr), (void)(size))
#define ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(addr, size) ((void)(addr), (void)(size))
#endif /* __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#ifndef ARRAY_LENGTH
#ifdef __cplusplus
template <typename T, size_t N> char (&__ArraySizeHelper(T (&array)[N]))[N];
#define ARRAY_LENGTH(array) (sizeof(::__ArraySizeHelper(array)))
#else
#define ARRAY_LENGTH(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
#endif
#endif /* ARRAY_LENGTH */

#ifndef ARRAY_END
#define ARRAY_END(array) (&array[ARRAY_LENGTH(array)])
#endif /* ARRAY_END */

#define CONCAT(a, b) a##b
#define XCONCAT(a, b) CONCAT(a, b)

#define MDBX_TETRAD(a, b, c, d) ((uint32_t)(a) << 24 | (uint32_t)(b) << 16 | (uint32_t)(c) << 8 | (d))

#define MDBX_STRING_TETRAD(str) MDBX_TETRAD(str[0], str[1], str[2], str[3])

#define FIXME "FIXME: " __FILE__ ", " MDBX_STRINGIFY(__LINE__)

#ifndef STATIC_ASSERT_MSG
#if defined(static_assert)
#define STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, msg)
#elif defined(_STATIC_ASSERT)
#define STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg) _STATIC_ASSERT(expr)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <crtdbg.h>
#define STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg) _STATIC_ASSERT(expr)
#elif (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L) || __has_feature(c_static_assert)
#define STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg) _Static_assert(expr, msg)
#else
#define STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(expr, msg)                                                                                   \
  switch (0) {                                                                                                         \
  case 0:                                                                                                              \
  case (expr):;                                                                                                        \
  }
#endif
#endif /* STATIC_ASSERT */

#ifndef STATIC_ASSERT
#define STATIC_ASSERT(expr) STATIC_ASSERT_MSG(expr, #expr)
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900
/* LY: MSVC 2015/2017/2019 has buggy/inconsistent PRIuPTR/PRIxPTR macros
 * for internal format-args checker. */
#undef PRIuPTR
#undef PRIiPTR
#undef PRIdPTR
#undef PRIxPTR
#define PRIuPTR "Iu"
#define PRIiPTR "Ii"
#define PRIdPTR "Id"
#define PRIxPTR "Ix"
#define PRIuSIZE "zu"
#define PRIiSIZE "zi"
#define PRIdSIZE "zd"
#define PRIxSIZE "zx"
#endif /* fix PRI*PTR for _MSC_VER */

#ifndef PRIuSIZE
#define PRIuSIZE PRIuPTR
#define PRIiSIZE PRIiPTR
#define PRIdSIZE PRIdPTR
#define PRIxSIZE PRIxPTR
#endif /* PRI*SIZE macros for MSVC */

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#if __has_warning("-Wnested-anon-types")
#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wnested-anon-types"
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnested-anon-types"
#else
#pragma warning disable "nested-anon-types"
#endif
#endif /* -Wnested-anon-types */

#if __has_warning("-Wconstant-logical-operand")
#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wconstant-logical-operand"
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconstant-logical-operand"
#else
#pragma warning disable "constant-logical-operand"
#endif
#endif /* -Wconstant-logical-operand */

#if defined(__LCC__) && (__LCC__ <= 121)
/* bug #2798 */
#pragma diag_suppress alignment_reduction_ignored
#elif defined(__ICC)
#pragma warning(disable : 3453 1366)
#elif __has_warning("-Walignment-reduction-ignored")
#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Walignment-reduction-ignored"
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Walignment-reduction-ignored"
#else
#pragma warning disable "alignment-reduction-ignored"
#endif
#endif /* -Walignment-reduction-ignored */

#ifdef xMDBX_ALLOY
/* Amalgamated build */
#define MDBX_INTERNAL static
#else
/* Non-amalgamated build */
#define MDBX_INTERNAL
#endif /* xMDBX_ALLOY */

#include "mdbx.h++"

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Basic constants and types */

typedef struct iov_ctx iov_ctx_t;
///

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Memory/Compiler barriers, cache coherence */

#if __has_include(<sys/cachectl.h>)
#include <sys/cachectl.h>
#elif defined(__mips) || defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips64) || defined(__mips64__) || defined(_M_MRX000) ||        \
    defined(_MIPS_) || defined(__MWERKS__) || defined(__sgi)
/* MIPS should have explicit cache control */
#include <sys/cachectl.h>
#endif

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline void osal_compiler_barrier(void) {
#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
  __asm__ __volatile__("" ::: "memory");
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
  _ReadWriteBarrier();
#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) /* LY: Intel Compiler may mimic GCC and MSC */
  __memory_barrier();
#elif defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__sun) || defined(sun)
  __compiler_barrier();
#elif (defined(_HPUX_SOURCE) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__HP_aCC)) && (defined(HP_IA64) || defined(__ia64))
  _Asm_sched_fence(/* LY: no-arg meaning 'all expect ALU', e.g. 0x3D3D */);
#elif defined(_AIX) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
  __fence();
#else
#error "Could not guess the kind of compiler, please report to us."
#endif
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline void osal_memory_barrier(void) {
#ifdef MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS
  atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_seq_cst);
#elif defined(__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST)
#ifdef __clang__
  __c11_atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
#else
  __atomic_thread_fence(__ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
#endif
#elif defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
  __sync_synchronize();
#elif defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  MemoryBarrier();
#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) /* LY: Intel Compiler may mimic GCC and MSC */
#if defined(__ia32__)
  _mm_mfence();
#else
  __mf();
#endif
#elif defined(__SUNPRO_C) || defined(__sun) || defined(sun)
  __machine_rw_barrier();
#elif (defined(_HPUX_SOURCE) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__HP_aCC)) && (defined(HP_IA64) || defined(__ia64))
  _Asm_mf();
#elif defined(_AIX) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
  __lwsync();
#else
#error "Could not guess the kind of compiler, please report to us."
#endif
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* system-depended definitions */

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#define HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
typedef HANDLE osal_thread_t;
typedef unsigned osal_thread_key_t;
#define MAP_FAILED nullptr
#define HIGH_DWORD(v) ((DWORD)((sizeof(v) > 4) ? ((uint64_t)(v) >> 32) : 0))
#define THREAD_CALL WINAPI
#define THREAD_RESULT DWORD
typedef struct {
  HANDLE mutex;
  HANDLE event[2];
} osal_condpair_t;
typedef CRITICAL_SECTION osal_fastmutex_t;

#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__try)
#define __try
#define __except(COND) if (/* (void)(COND), */ false)
#endif /* stub for MSVC's __try/__except */

#if MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT

#ifndef osal_malloc
static inline void *osal_malloc(size_t bytes) { return HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, bytes); }
#endif /* osal_malloc */

#ifndef osal_calloc
static inline void *osal_calloc(size_t nelem, size_t size) {
  return HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, nelem * size);
}
#endif /* osal_calloc */

#ifndef osal_realloc
static inline void *osal_realloc(void *ptr, size_t bytes) {
  return ptr ? HeapReAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ptr, bytes) : HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, bytes);
}
#endif /* osal_realloc */

#ifndef osal_free
static inline void osal_free(void *ptr) { HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ptr); }
#endif /* osal_free */

#else /* MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT */

#define osal_malloc malloc
#define osal_calloc calloc
#define osal_realloc realloc
#define osal_free free
#define osal_strdup _strdup

#endif /* MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT */

#ifndef snprintf
#define snprintf _snprintf /* ntdll */
#endif

#ifndef vsnprintf
#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf /* ntdll */
#endif

#else /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

typedef pthread_t osal_thread_t;
typedef pthread_key_t osal_thread_key_t;
#define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE (-1)
#define THREAD_CALL
#define THREAD_RESULT void *
typedef struct {
  pthread_mutex_t mutex;
  pthread_cond_t cond[2];
} osal_condpair_t;
typedef pthread_mutex_t osal_fastmutex_t;
#define osal_malloc malloc
#define osal_calloc calloc
#define osal_realloc realloc
#define osal_free free
#define osal_strdup strdup
#endif /* Platform */

#if __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 12) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(malloc_usable_size)
#define osal_malloc_usable_size(ptr) malloc_usable_size(ptr)
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#define osal_malloc_usable_size(ptr) malloc_size(ptr)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT
#define osal_malloc_usable_size(ptr) _msize(ptr)
#endif /* osal_malloc_usable_size */

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* OS abstraction layer stuff */

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
typedef wchar_t pathchar_t;
#define MDBX_PRIsPATH "ls"
#else
typedef char pathchar_t;
#define MDBX_PRIsPATH "s"
#endif

typedef struct osal_mmap {
  union {
    void *base;
    struct shared_lck *lck;
  };
  mdbx_filehandle_t fd;
  size_t limit;   /* mapping length, but NOT a size of file nor DB */
  size_t current; /* mapped region size, i.e. the size of file and DB */
  uint64_t filesize /* in-process cache of a file size */;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  HANDLE section; /* memory-mapped section handle */
#endif
} osal_mmap_t;

#ifndef MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)

#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 0

#elif defined(__ANDROID_API__)

#if __ANDROID_API__ < 24
#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 0
#else
#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 1
#endif

#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__) || defined(_DARWIN_C_SOURCE)

#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED) && defined(MAC_OS_VERSION_11_0) &&                                          \
    MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_VERSION_11_0
/* FIXME: add checks for IOS versions, etc */
#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 1
#else
#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 0
#endif

#elif defined(_SC_IOV_MAX) || (defined(IOV_MAX) && IOV_MAX > 1)
#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 1
#else
#define MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV 0
#endif
#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV */

typedef struct ior_item {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  OVERLAPPED ov;
#define ior_sgv_gap4terminator 1
#define ior_sgv_element FILE_SEGMENT_ELEMENT
#else
  size_t offset;
#if MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV
  size_t sgvcnt;
#define ior_sgv_gap4terminator 0
#define ior_sgv_element struct iovec
#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV */
#endif /* !Windows */
  union {
    MDBX_val single;
#if defined(ior_sgv_element)
    ior_sgv_element sgv[1 + ior_sgv_gap4terminator];
#endif /* ior_sgv_element */
  };
} ior_item_t;

typedef struct osal_ioring {
  unsigned slots_left;
  unsigned allocated;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#define IOR_STATE_LOCKED 1
  HANDLE overlapped_fd;
  unsigned pagesize;
  unsigned last_sgvcnt;
  size_t last_bytes;
  uint8_t direct, state, pagesize_ln2;
  unsigned event_stack;
  HANDLE *event_pool;
  volatile LONG async_waiting;
  volatile LONG async_completed;
  HANDLE async_done;

#define ior_last_sgvcnt(ior, item) (ior)->last_sgvcnt
#define ior_last_bytes(ior, item) (ior)->last_bytes
#elif MDBX_HAVE_PWRITEV
  unsigned last_bytes;
#define ior_last_sgvcnt(ior, item) (item)->sgvcnt
#define ior_last_bytes(ior, item) (ior)->last_bytes
#else
#define ior_last_sgvcnt(ior, item) (1)
#define ior_last_bytes(ior, item) (item)->single.iov_len
#endif /* !Windows */
  ior_item_t *last;
  ior_item_t *pool;
  char *boundary;
} osal_ioring_t;

/* Actually this is not ioring for now, but on the way. */
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_ioring_create(osal_ioring_t *
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
                                     ,
                                     bool enable_direct, mdbx_filehandle_t overlapped_fd
#endif /* Windows */
);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_ioring_resize(osal_ioring_t *, size_t items);
MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_ioring_destroy(osal_ioring_t *);
MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_ioring_reset(osal_ioring_t *);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_ioring_add(osal_ioring_t *ctx, const size_t offset, void *data, const size_t bytes);
typedef struct osal_ioring_write_result {
  int err;
  unsigned wops;
} osal_ioring_write_result_t;
MDBX_INTERNAL osal_ioring_write_result_t osal_ioring_write(osal_ioring_t *ior, mdbx_filehandle_t fd);

MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_ioring_walk(osal_ioring_t *ior, iov_ctx_t *ctx,
                                    void (*callback)(iov_ctx_t *ctx, size_t offset, void *data, size_t bytes));

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline unsigned osal_ioring_left(const osal_ioring_t *ior) { return ior->slots_left; }

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline unsigned osal_ioring_used(const osal_ioring_t *ior) {
  return ior->allocated - ior->slots_left;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline int osal_ioring_prepare(osal_ioring_t *ior, size_t items, size_t bytes) {
  items = (items > 32) ? items : 32;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  if (ior->direct) {
    const size_t npages = bytes >> ior->pagesize_ln2;
    items = (items > npages) ? items : npages;
  }
#else
  (void)bytes;
#endif
  items = (items < 65536) ? items : 65536;
  if (likely(ior->allocated >= items))
    return MDBX_SUCCESS;
  return osal_ioring_resize(ior, items);
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* libc compatibility stuff */

#if (!defined(__GLIBC__) && __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 1)) && (defined(_GNU_SOURCE) || defined(_BSD_SOURCE))
#define osal_asprintf asprintf
#define osal_vasprintf vasprintf
#else
MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_INTERNAL MDBX_PRINTF_ARGS(2, 3) int osal_asprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, ...);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_vasprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
#endif

#if !defined(MADV_DODUMP) && defined(MADV_CORE)
#define MADV_DODUMP MADV_CORE
#endif /* MADV_CORE -> MADV_DODUMP */

#if !defined(MADV_DONTDUMP) && defined(MADV_NOCORE)
#define MADV_DONTDUMP MADV_NOCORE
#endif /* MADV_NOCORE -> MADV_DONTDUMP */

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_jitter(bool tiny);

/* max bytes to write in one call */
#if defined(_WIN64)
#define MAX_WRITE UINT32_C(0x10000000)
#elif defined(_WIN32)
#define MAX_WRITE UINT32_C(0x04000000)
#else
#define MAX_WRITE UINT32_C(0x3f000000)

#if defined(F_GETLK64) && defined(F_SETLK64) && defined(F_SETLKW64) && !defined(__ANDROID_API__)
#define MDBX_F_SETLK F_SETLK64
#define MDBX_F_SETLKW F_SETLKW64
#define MDBX_F_GETLK F_GETLK64
#if (__GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 28) && (defined(__USE_LARGEFILE64) || defined(__LARGEFILE64_SOURCE) ||                          \
                               defined(_USE_LARGEFILE64) || defined(_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE))) ||                          \
    defined(fcntl64)
#define MDBX_FCNTL fcntl64
#else
#define MDBX_FCNTL fcntl
#endif
#define MDBX_STRUCT_FLOCK struct flock64
#ifndef OFF_T_MAX
#define OFF_T_MAX UINT64_C(0x7fffFFFFfff00000)
#endif /* OFF_T_MAX */
#else
#define MDBX_F_SETLK F_SETLK
#define MDBX_F_SETLKW F_SETLKW
#define MDBX_F_GETLK F_GETLK
#define MDBX_FCNTL fcntl
#define MDBX_STRUCT_FLOCK struct flock
#endif /* MDBX_F_SETLK, MDBX_F_SETLKW, MDBX_F_GETLK */

#if defined(F_OFD_SETLK64) && defined(F_OFD_SETLKW64) && defined(F_OFD_GETLK64) && !defined(__ANDROID_API__)
#define MDBX_F_OFD_SETLK F_OFD_SETLK64
#define MDBX_F_OFD_SETLKW F_OFD_SETLKW64
#define MDBX_F_OFD_GETLK F_OFD_GETLK64
#else
#define MDBX_F_OFD_SETLK F_OFD_SETLK
#define MDBX_F_OFD_SETLKW F_OFD_SETLKW
#define MDBX_F_OFD_GETLK F_OFD_GETLK
#ifndef OFF_T_MAX
#define OFF_T_MAX (((sizeof(off_t) > 4) ? INT64_MAX : INT32_MAX) & ~(size_t)0xFffff)
#endif /* OFF_T_MAX */
#endif /* MDBX_F_OFD_SETLK64, MDBX_F_OFD_SETLKW64, MDBX_F_OFD_GETLK64 */

#endif /* !Windows */

#ifndef osal_strdup
LIBMDBX_API char *osal_strdup(const char *str);
#endif

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline int osal_get_errno(void) {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  DWORD rc = GetLastError();
#else
  int rc = errno;
#endif
  return rc;
}

#ifndef osal_memalign_alloc
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_memalign_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t bytes, void **result);
#endif
#ifndef osal_memalign_free
MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_memalign_free(void *ptr);
#endif

MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_condpair_init(osal_condpair_t *condpair);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_condpair_lock(osal_condpair_t *condpair);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_condpair_unlock(osal_condpair_t *condpair);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_condpair_signal(osal_condpair_t *condpair, bool part);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_condpair_wait(osal_condpair_t *condpair, bool part);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_condpair_destroy(osal_condpair_t *condpair);

MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fastmutex_init(osal_fastmutex_t *fastmutex);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fastmutex_acquire(osal_fastmutex_t *fastmutex);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fastmutex_release(osal_fastmutex_t *fastmutex);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fastmutex_destroy(osal_fastmutex_t *fastmutex);

MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_pwritev(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, struct iovec *iov, size_t sgvcnt, uint64_t offset);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_pread(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, void *buf, size_t count, uint64_t offset);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_pwrite(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, const void *buf, size_t count, uint64_t offset);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_write(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, const void *buf, size_t count);

MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_thread_create(osal_thread_t *thread, THREAD_RESULT(THREAD_CALL *start_routine)(void *),
                                     void *arg);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_thread_join(osal_thread_t thread);

enum osal_syncmode_bits {
  MDBX_SYNC_NONE = 0,
  MDBX_SYNC_KICK = 1,
  MDBX_SYNC_DATA = 2,
  MDBX_SYNC_SIZE = 4,
  MDBX_SYNC_IODQ = 8
};

MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fsync(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, const enum osal_syncmode_bits mode_bits);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_ftruncate(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, uint64_t length);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fseek(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, uint64_t pos);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_filesize(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, uint64_t *length);

enum osal_openfile_purpose {
  MDBX_OPEN_DXB_READ,
  MDBX_OPEN_DXB_LAZY,
  MDBX_OPEN_DXB_DSYNC,
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  MDBX_OPEN_DXB_OVERLAPPED,
  MDBX_OPEN_DXB_OVERLAPPED_DIRECT,
#endif /* Windows */
  MDBX_OPEN_LCK,
  MDBX_OPEN_COPY,
  MDBX_OPEN_DELETE
};

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline bool osal_isdirsep(pathchar_t c) {
  return
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
      c == '\\' ||
#endif
      c == '/';
}

MDBX_INTERNAL bool osal_pathequal(const pathchar_t *l, const pathchar_t *r, size_t len);
MDBX_INTERNAL pathchar_t *osal_fileext(const pathchar_t *pathname, size_t len);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_fileexists(const pathchar_t *pathname);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_openfile(const enum osal_openfile_purpose purpose, const MDBX_env *env,
                                const pathchar_t *pathname, mdbx_filehandle_t *fd, mdbx_mode_t unix_mode_bits);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_closefile(mdbx_filehandle_t fd);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_removefile(const pathchar_t *pathname);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_removedirectory(const pathchar_t *pathname);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_is_pipe(mdbx_filehandle_t fd);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_lockfile(mdbx_filehandle_t fd, bool wait);

#define MMAP_OPTION_TRUNCATE 1
#define MMAP_OPTION_SEMAPHORE 2
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_mmap(const int flags, osal_mmap_t *map, size_t size, const size_t limit, const unsigned options,
                            const pathchar_t *pathname4logging);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_munmap(osal_mmap_t *map);
#define MDBX_MRESIZE_MAY_MOVE 0x00000100
#define MDBX_MRESIZE_MAY_UNMAP 0x00000200
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_mresize(const int flags, osal_mmap_t *map, size_t size, size_t limit);
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
typedef struct {
  unsigned limit, count;
  HANDLE handles[31];
} mdbx_handle_array_t;
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_suspend_threads_before_remap(MDBX_env *env, mdbx_handle_array_t **array);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_resume_threads_after_remap(mdbx_handle_array_t *array);
#endif /* Windows */
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_msync(const osal_mmap_t *map, size_t offset, size_t length, enum osal_syncmode_bits mode_bits);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_check_fs_rdonly(mdbx_filehandle_t handle, const pathchar_t *pathname, int err);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_check_fs_incore(mdbx_filehandle_t handle);
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_check_fs_local(mdbx_filehandle_t handle, int flags);

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline uint32_t osal_getpid(void) {
  STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(mdbx_pid_t) <= sizeof(uint32_t));
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  return GetCurrentProcessId();
#else
  STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(pid_t) <= sizeof(uint32_t));
  return getpid();
#endif
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline uintptr_t osal_thread_self(void) {
  mdbx_tid_t thunk;
  STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(uintptr_t) >= sizeof(thunk));
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  thunk = GetCurrentThreadId();
#else
  thunk = pthread_self();
#endif
  return (uintptr_t)thunk;
}

#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64)
#if defined(__ANDROID_API__) || defined(ANDROID) || defined(BIONIC)
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_check_tid4bionic(void);
#else
static inline int osal_check_tid4bionic(void) { return 0; }
#endif /* __ANDROID_API__ || ANDROID) || BIONIC */

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline int osal_pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex) {
  int err = osal_check_tid4bionic();
  return unlikely(err) ? err : pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
}
#endif /* !Windows */

MDBX_INTERNAL uint64_t osal_monotime(void);
MDBX_INTERNAL uint64_t osal_cputime(size_t *optional_page_faults);
MDBX_INTERNAL uint64_t osal_16dot16_to_monotime(uint32_t seconds_16dot16);
MDBX_INTERNAL uint32_t osal_monotime_to_16dot16(uint64_t monotime);

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline uint32_t osal_monotime_to_16dot16_noUnderflow(uint64_t monotime) {
  uint32_t seconds_16dot16 = osal_monotime_to_16dot16(monotime);
  return seconds_16dot16 ? seconds_16dot16 : /* fix underflow */ (monotime > 0);
}

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_ctor(void);
MDBX_INTERNAL void osal_dtor(void);

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
MDBX_INTERNAL int osal_mb2w(const char *const src, wchar_t **const pdst);
#endif /* Windows */

typedef union bin128 {
  __anonymous_struct_extension__ struct {
    uint64_t x, y;
  };
  __anonymous_struct_extension__ struct {
    uint32_t a, b, c, d;
  };
} bin128_t;

MDBX_INTERNAL bin128_t osal_guid(const MDBX_env *);

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline uint64_t osal_bswap64(uint64_t v) {
#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 4) || __CLANG_PREREQ(4, 0) || __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
  return __builtin_bswap64(v);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
  return _byteswap_uint64(v);
#elif defined(__bswap_64)
  return __bswap_64(v);
#elif defined(bswap_64)
  return bswap_64(v);
#else
  return v << 56 | v >> 56 | ((v << 40) & UINT64_C(0x00ff000000000000)) | ((v << 24) & UINT64_C(0x0000ff0000000000)) |
         ((v << 8) & UINT64_C(0x000000ff00000000)) | ((v >> 8) & UINT64_C(0x00000000ff000000)) |
         ((v >> 24) & UINT64_C(0x0000000000ff0000)) | ((v >> 40) & UINT64_C(0x000000000000ff00));
#endif
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline uint32_t osal_bswap32(uint32_t v) {
#if __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 4) || __CLANG_PREREQ(4, 0) || __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap32)
  return __builtin_bswap32(v);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
  return _byteswap_ulong(v);
#elif defined(__bswap_32)
  return __bswap_32(v);
#elif defined(bswap_32)
  return bswap_32(v);
#else
  return v << 24 | v >> 24 | ((v << 8) & UINT32_C(0x00ff0000)) | ((v >> 8) & UINT32_C(0x0000ff00));
#endif
}

#if UINTPTR_MAX > 0xffffFFFFul || ULONG_MAX > 0xffffFFFFul || defined(_WIN64)
#define MDBX_WORDBITS 64
#else
#define MDBX_WORDBITS 32
#endif /* MDBX_WORDBITS */

/*******************************************************************************
 *******************************************************************************
 *
 * BUILD TIME
 *
 *         ####   #####    #####     #     ####   #    #   ####
 *        #    #  #    #     #       #    #    #  ##   #  #
 *        #    #  #    #     #       #    #    #  # #  #   ####
 *        #    #  #####      #       #    #    #  #  # #       #
 *        #    #  #          #       #    #    #  #   ##  #    #
 *         ####   #          #       #     ####   #    #   ####
 *
 *
 */

/** \defgroup build_option Build options
 * The libmdbx build options.
 @{ */

/** Using fcntl(F_FULLFSYNC) with 5-10 times slowdown */
#define MDBX_OSX_WANNA_DURABILITY 0
/** Using fsync() with chance of data lost on power failure */
#define MDBX_OSX_WANNA_SPEED 1

#ifndef MDBX_APPLE_SPEED_INSTEADOF_DURABILITY
/** Choices \ref MDBX_OSX_WANNA_DURABILITY or \ref MDBX_OSX_WANNA_SPEED
 * for OSX & iOS */
#define MDBX_APPLE_SPEED_INSTEADOF_DURABILITY MDBX_OSX_WANNA_DURABILITY
#endif /* MDBX_APPLE_SPEED_INSTEADOF_DURABILITY */

/** Controls checking PID against reuse DB environment after the fork() */
#ifndef MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID
#if defined(MADV_DONTFORK) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
/* PID check could be omitted:
 *  - on Linux when madvise(MADV_DONTFORK) is available, i.e. after the fork()
 *    mapped pages will not be available for child process.
 *  - in Windows where fork() not available. */
#define MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID 0
#else
#define MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID 1
#endif
#define MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID)
#elif !(MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID == 0 || MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID == 1)
#error MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID must be defined as 0 or 1
#else
#define MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID)
#endif /* MDBX_ENV_CHECKPID */

/** Controls checking transaction owner thread against misuse transactions from
 * other threads. */
#ifndef MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER
#define MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER 1
#define MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER)
#elif !(MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER == 0 || MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER == 1)
#error MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER must be defined as 0 or 1
#else
#define MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER)
#endif /* MDBX_TXN_CHECKOWNER */

/** Does a system have battery-backed Real-Time Clock or just a fake. */
#ifndef MDBX_TRUST_RTC
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
#define MDBX_TRUST_RTC 0 /* a lot of embedded systems have a fake RTC */
#else
#define MDBX_TRUST_RTC 1
#endif
#define MDBX_TRUST_RTC_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_TRUST_RTC)
#elif !(MDBX_TRUST_RTC == 0 || MDBX_TRUST_RTC == 1)
#error MDBX_TRUST_RTC must be defined as 0 or 1
#else
#define MDBX_TRUST_RTC_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_TRUST_RTC)
#endif /* MDBX_TRUST_RTC */

/** Controls online database auto-compactification during write-transactions. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_REFUND
#define MDBX_ENABLE_REFUND 1
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_REFUND == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_REFUND == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_REFUND must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_REFUND */

/** Controls profiling of GC search and updates. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_PROFGC
#define MDBX_ENABLE_PROFGC 0
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_PROFGC == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_PROFGC == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_PROFGC must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_PROFGC */

/** Controls gathering statistics for page operations. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_PGOP_STAT
#define MDBX_ENABLE_PGOP_STAT 1
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_PGOP_STAT == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_PGOP_STAT == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_PGOP_STAT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_PGOP_STAT */

/** Controls using Unix' mincore() to determine whether DB-pages
 * are resident in memory. */
#ifndef MDBX_USE_MINCORE
#if defined(MINCORE_INCORE) || !(defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64))
#define MDBX_USE_MINCORE 1
#else
#define MDBX_USE_MINCORE 0
#endif
#define MDBX_USE_MINCORE_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_USE_MINCORE)
#elif !(MDBX_USE_MINCORE == 0 || MDBX_USE_MINCORE == 1)
#error MDBX_USE_MINCORE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_USE_MINCORE */

/** Enables chunking long list of retired pages during huge transactions commit
 * to avoid use sequences of pages. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_BIGFOOT
#define MDBX_ENABLE_BIGFOOT 1
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_BIGFOOT == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_BIGFOOT == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_BIGFOOT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_BIGFOOT */

/** Disable some checks to reduce an overhead and detection probability of
 * database corruption to a values closer to the LMDB. */
#ifndef MDBX_DISABLE_VALIDATION
#define MDBX_DISABLE_VALIDATION 0
#elif !(MDBX_DISABLE_VALIDATION == 0 || MDBX_DISABLE_VALIDATION == 1)
#error MDBX_DISABLE_VALIDATION must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_DISABLE_VALIDATION */

#ifndef MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT
#define MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT 1
#elif !(MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT == 0 || MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT == 1)
#error MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT */

#ifndef MDBX_DPL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT
#define MDBX_DPL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT 1
#elif !(MDBX_DPL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT == 0 || MDBX_DPL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT == 1)
#error MDBX_DPL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_DPL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT */

/** Controls dirty pages tracking, spilling and persisting in `MDBX_WRITEMAP`
 * mode, i.e. disables in-memory database updating with consequent
 * flush-to-disk/msync syscall.
 *
 * 0/OFF = Don't track dirty pages at all, don't spill ones, and use msync() to
 * persist data. This is by-default on Linux and other systems where kernel
 * provides properly LRU tracking and effective flushing on-demand.
 *
 * 1/ON = Tracking of dirty pages but with LRU labels for spilling and explicit
 * persist ones by write(). This may be reasonable for goofy systems (Windows)
 * which low performance of msync() and/or zany LRU tracking. */
#ifndef MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#define MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC 1
#else
#define MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC == 0 || MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC == 1)
#error MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_AVOID_MSYNC */

/** Управляет механизмом поддержки разреженных наборов DBI-хендлов для снижения
 * накладных расходов при запуске и обработке транзакций. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_SPARSE
#define MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_SPARSE 1
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_SPARSE == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_SPARSE == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_SPARSE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_SPARSE */

/** Управляет механизмом отложенного освобождения и поддержки пути быстрого
 * открытия DBI-хендлов без захвата блокировок. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_LOCKFREE
#define MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_LOCKFREE 1
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_LOCKFREE == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_LOCKFREE == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_LOCKFREE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_DBI_LOCKFREE */

/** Controls sort order of internal page number lists.
 * This mostly experimental/advanced option with not for regular MDBX users.
 * \warning The database format depend on this option and libmdbx built with
 * different option value are incompatible. */
#ifndef MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING
#define MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING 0
#elif !(MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING == 0 || MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING == 1)
#error MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING */

/** Avoid dependence from MSVC CRT and use ntdll.dll instead. */
#ifndef MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT
#if defined(MDBX_BUILD_CXX) && !MDBX_BUILD_CXX
#define MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT 1
#else
#define MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT == 0 || MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT == 1)
#error MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_WITHOUT_MSVC_CRT */

/** Size of buffer used during copying a environment/database file. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF
#define MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF 1048576u
#elif MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF < 65536u || MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF > 1073741824u || MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF % 65536u
#error MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF must be defined in range 65536..1073741824 and be multiple of 65536
#endif /* MDBX_ENVCOPY_WRITEBUF */

/** Forces assertion checking. */
#ifndef MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS
#define MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS 0
#elif !(MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS == 0 || MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS == 1)
#error MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS */

/** Presumed malloc size overhead for each allocation
 * to adjust allocations to be more aligned. */
#ifndef MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD
#ifdef __SIZEOF_POINTER__
#define MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD (__SIZEOF_POINTER__ * 2u)
#else
#define MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD (sizeof(void *) * 2u)
#endif
#elif MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD < 0 || MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD > 64 || MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD % 4
#error MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD must be defined in range 0..64 and be multiple of 4
#endif /* MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD */

/** If defined then enables integration with Valgrind,
 * a memory analyzing tool. */
#ifndef ENABLE_MEMCHECK
#endif /* ENABLE_MEMCHECK */

/** If defined then enables use C11 atomics,
 *  otherwise detects ones availability automatically. */
#ifndef MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS
#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS */

/** If defined then enables use the GCC's `__builtin_cpu_supports()`
 * for runtime dispatching depending on the CPU's capabilities.
 * \note Defining `MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS` to `0` should avoided unless
 * build for particular single-target platform, since on AMD64/x86 this disables
 * dynamic choice (at runtime) of SSE2 / AVX2 / AVX512 instructions
 * with fallback to non-accelerated baseline code. */
#ifndef MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(BIONIC)
/* Never use any modern features on Apple's or Google's OSes
 * since a lot of troubles with compatibility and/or performance */
#define MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS 0
#elif defined(__e2k__)
#define MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS 0
#elif __has_builtin(__builtin_cpu_supports) || defined(__BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS__) ||                                    \
    (defined(__ia32__) && __GNUC_PREREQ(4, 8) && __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 23))
#define MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS 1
#else
#define MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS == 0 || MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS == 1)
#error MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_BUILTIN_CPU_SUPPORTS */

/** if enabled then instead of the returned error `MDBX_REMOTE`, only a warning is issued, when
 * the database being opened in non-read-only mode is located in a file system exported via NFS. */
#ifndef MDBX_ENABLE_NON_READONLY_EXPORT
#define MDBX_ENABLE_NON_READONLY_EXPORT 0
#elif !(MDBX_ENABLE_NON_READONLY_EXPORT == 0 || MDBX_ENABLE_NON_READONLY_EXPORT == 1)
#error MDBX_ENABLE_NON_READONLY_EXPORT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_ENABLE_NON_READONLY_EXPORT */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/** Win32 File Locking API for \ref MDBX_LOCKING */
#define MDBX_LOCKING_WIN32FILES -1

/** SystemV IPC semaphores for \ref MDBX_LOCKING */
#define MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV 5

/** POSIX-1 Shared anonymous semaphores for \ref MDBX_LOCKING */
#define MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988 1988

/** POSIX-2001 Shared Mutexes for \ref MDBX_LOCKING */
#define MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 2001

/** POSIX-2008 Robust Mutexes for \ref MDBX_LOCKING */
#define MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008 2008

/** Advanced: Choices the locking implementation (autodetection by default). */
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#define MDBX_LOCKING MDBX_LOCKING_WIN32FILES
#else
#ifndef MDBX_LOCKING
#if defined(_POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED) && _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED >= 200112L && !defined(__FreeBSD__)

/* Some platforms define the EOWNERDEAD error code even though they
 * don't support Robust Mutexes. If doubt compile with -MDBX_LOCKING=2001. */
#if defined(EOWNERDEAD) && _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED >= 200809L &&                                                  \
    ((defined(_POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT) && _POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_INHERIT > 0) ||                          \
     (defined(_POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT) && _POSIX_THREAD_ROBUST_PRIO_PROTECT > 0) ||                          \
     defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST) || defined(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST_NP)) &&                                             \
    (!defined(__GLIBC__) || __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 10) /* troubles with Robust mutexes before 2.10 */)
#define MDBX_LOCKING MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008
#else
#define MDBX_LOCKING MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001
#endif
#elif defined(__sun) || defined(__SVR4) || defined(__svr4__)
#define MDBX_LOCKING MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988
#else
#define MDBX_LOCKING MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV
#endif
#define MDBX_LOCKING_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_LOCKING)
#else
#define MDBX_LOCKING_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_LOCKING)
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING */
#endif /* !Windows */

/** Advanced: Using POSIX OFD-locks (autodetection by default). */
#ifndef MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS
#if ((defined(F_OFD_SETLK) && defined(F_OFD_SETLKW) && defined(F_OFD_GETLK)) ||                                        \
     (defined(F_OFD_SETLK64) && defined(F_OFD_SETLKW64) && defined(F_OFD_GETLK64))) &&                                 \
    !defined(MDBX_SAFE4QEMU) && !defined(__sun) /* OFD-lock are broken on Solaris */
#define MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS 1
#else
#define MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS 0
#endif
#define MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS)
#elif !(MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS == 0 || MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS == 1)
#error MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS must be defined as 0 or 1
#else
#define MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS)
#endif /* MDBX_USE_OFDLOCKS */

/** Advanced: Using sendfile() syscall (autodetection by default). */
#ifndef MDBX_USE_SENDFILE
#if ((defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)) && !defined(__ANDROID_API__)) ||                                   \
    (defined(__ANDROID_API__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 21)
#define MDBX_USE_SENDFILE 1
#else
#define MDBX_USE_SENDFILE 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_USE_SENDFILE == 0 || MDBX_USE_SENDFILE == 1)
#error MDBX_USE_SENDFILE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_USE_SENDFILE */

/** Advanced: Using copy_file_range() syscall (autodetection by default). */
#ifndef MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE
#if __GLIBC_PREREQ(2, 27) && defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
#define MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE 1
#else
#define MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE == 0 || MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE == 1)
#error MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_USE_COPYFILERANGE */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifndef MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT
#if defined(__ia32__) || defined(__e2k__) || defined(__hppa) || defined(__hppa__) || defined(DOXYGEN)
#define MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT 0
#else
#define MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT 1
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT == 0 || MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT == 1)
#error MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_CPU_WRITEBACK_INCOHERENT */

#ifndef MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
#define MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE 1
#else
#define MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE == 0 || MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE == 1)
#error MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE */

#ifndef MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE
#if defined(__mips) || defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips64) || defined(__mips64__) || defined(_M_MRX000) ||          \
    defined(_MIPS_) || defined(__MWERKS__) || defined(__sgi)
/* MIPS has cache coherency issues. */
#define MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE 1
#else
/* LY: assume no relevant mmap/dcache issues. */
#define MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE 0
#endif
#elif !(MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE == 0 || MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE == 1)
#error MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE */

/** Assume system needs explicit syscall to sync/flush/write modified mapped
 * memory. */
#ifndef MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT
#if MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_FILE_WRITE || MDBX_MMAP_INCOHERENT_CPU_CACHE || !(defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__))
#define MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT 1
#else
#define MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT 0
#endif
#define MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT)
#elif !(MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT == 0 || MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT == 1)
#error MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT must be defined as 0 or 1
#endif /* MDBX_MMAP_NEEDS_JOLT */

#ifndef MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC
#if MDBX_WORDBITS >= 64 || defined(DOXYGEN)
#define MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC 1
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC 0
#endif
#define MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC)
#elif !(MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC == 0 || MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC == 1)
#error MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC must be defined as 0 or 1
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC)
#endif /* MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC */

#ifndef MDBX_64BIT_CAS
#if defined(__GCC_ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE)
#if __GCC_ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE > 1
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 1
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 0
#endif
#elif defined(__CLANG_ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE)
#if __CLANG_ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE > 1
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 1
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 0
#endif
#elif defined(ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE)
#if ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE > 1
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 1
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 0
#endif
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(DOXYGEN)
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS 1
#elif !(MDBX_64BIT_CAS == 0 || MDBX_64BIT_CAS == 1)
#error MDBX_64BIT_CAS must be defined as 0 or 1
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC
#endif
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS_CONFIG "AUTO=" MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_64BIT_CAS)
#else
#define MDBX_64BIT_CAS_CONFIG MDBX_STRINGIFY(MDBX_64BIT_CAS)
#endif /* MDBX_64BIT_CAS */

#ifndef MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK
#if defined(__ALIGNED__) || defined(__SANITIZE_UNDEFINED__) || defined(ENABLE_UBSAN)
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 0 /* no unaligned access allowed */
#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_UNALIGNED)
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 4 /* ok unaligned for 32-bit words */
#elif defined(__e2k__) || defined(__elbrus__)
#if __iset__ > 4
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 8 /* ok unaligned for 64-bit words */
#else
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 4 /* ok unaligned for 32-bit words */
#endif
#elif defined(__ia32__)
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 8 /* ok unaligned for 64-bit words */
#elif __CLANG_PREREQ(5, 0) || __GNUC_PREREQ(5, 0)
/* expecting an optimization will well done, also this
 * hushes false-positives from UBSAN (undefined behaviour sanitizer) */
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 0
#else
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 0 /* no unaligned access allowed */
#endif
#elif MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK == 1
#undef MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK
#define MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK 32 /* any unaligned access allowed */
#endif                       /* MDBX_UNALIGNED_OK */

#ifndef MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE
#if defined(SYSTEM_CACHE_ALIGNMENT_SIZE)
#define MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE SYSTEM_CACHE_ALIGNMENT_SIZE
#elif defined(__ia64__) || defined(__ia64) || defined(_M_IA64)
#define MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE 128
#else
#define MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE 64
#endif
#endif /* MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE */

/* Max length of iov-vector passed to writev() call, used for auxilary writes */
#ifndef MDBX_AUXILARY_IOV_MAX
#define MDBX_AUXILARY_IOV_MAX 64
#endif
#if defined(IOV_MAX) && IOV_MAX < MDBX_AUXILARY_IOV_MAX
#undef MDBX_AUXILARY_IOV_MAX
#define MDBX_AUXILARY_IOV_MAX IOV_MAX
#endif /* MDBX_AUXILARY_IOV_MAX */

/* An extra/custom information provided during library build */
#ifndef MDBX_BUILD_METADATA
#define MDBX_BUILD_METADATA ""
#endif /* MDBX_BUILD_METADATA */
/** @} end of build options */
/*******************************************************************************
 *******************************************************************************
 ******************************************************************************/

#ifndef DOXYGEN

/* In case the MDBX_DEBUG is undefined set it corresponding to NDEBUG */
#ifndef MDBX_DEBUG
#ifdef NDEBUG
#define MDBX_DEBUG 0
#else
#define MDBX_DEBUG 1
#endif
#endif
#if MDBX_DEBUG < 0 || MDBX_DEBUG > 2
#error "The MDBX_DEBUG must be defined to 0, 1 or 2"
#endif /* MDBX_DEBUG */

#else

/* !!! Actually this is a fake definitions for Doxygen !!! */

/** Controls enabling of debugging features.
 *
 *  - `MDBX_DEBUG = 0` (by default) Disables any debugging features at all,
 *                     including logging and assertion controls.
 *                     Logging level and corresponding debug flags changing
 *                     by \ref mdbx_setup_debug() will not have effect.
 *  - `MDBX_DEBUG > 0` Enables code for the debugging features (logging,
 *                     assertions checking and internal audit).
 *                     Simultaneously sets the default logging level
 *                     to the `MDBX_DEBUG` value.
 *                     Also enables \ref MDBX_DBG_AUDIT if `MDBX_DEBUG >= 2`.
 *
 * \ingroup build_option */
#define MDBX_DEBUG 0...2

/** Disables using of GNU libc extensions. */
#define MDBX_DISABLE_GNU_SOURCE 0 or 1

#endif /* DOXYGEN */

#ifndef MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC
#error "The MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC must be defined before"
#endif /* MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC */

#ifndef MDBX_64BIT_CAS
#error "The MDBX_64BIT_CAS must be defined before"
#endif /* MDBX_64BIT_CAS */

#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(__STDC_NO_ATOMICS__) && __has_include(<cstdatomic>)
#include <cstdatomic>
#define MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS
#elif !defined(__cplusplus) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L || __has_extension(c_atomic)) &&                           \
    !defined(__STDC_NO_ATOMICS__) &&                                                                                   \
    (__GNUC_PREREQ(4, 9) || __CLANG_PREREQ(3, 8) || !(defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)))
#include <stdatomic.h>
#define MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable : 4163) /* 'xyz': not available as an intrinsic */
#pragma warning(disable : 4133) /* 'function': incompatible types - from                                               \
                                   'size_t' to 'LONGLONG' */
#pragma warning(disable : 4244) /* 'return': conversion from 'LONGLONG' to                                             \
                                   'std::size_t', possible loss of data */
#pragma warning(disable : 4267) /* 'function': conversion from 'size_t' to                                             \
                                   'long', possible loss of data */
#pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedExchangeAdd, _InterlockedCompareExchange)
#pragma intrinsic(_InterlockedExchangeAdd64, _InterlockedCompareExchange64)
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#include <libkern/OSAtomic.h>
#else
#error FIXME atomic-ops
#endif

typedef enum mdbx_memory_order {
  mo_Relaxed,
  mo_AcquireRelease
  /* , mo_SequentialConsistency */
} mdbx_memory_order_t;

typedef union {
  volatile uint32_t weak;
#ifdef MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS
  volatile _Atomic uint32_t c11a;
#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS */
} mdbx_atomic_uint32_t;

typedef union {
  volatile uint64_t weak;
#if defined(MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS) && (MDBX_64BIT_CAS || MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC)
  volatile _Atomic uint64_t c11a;
#endif
#if !defined(MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS) || !MDBX_64BIT_CAS || !MDBX_64BIT_ATOMIC
  __anonymous_struct_extension__ struct {
#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
    mdbx_atomic_uint32_t low, high;
#elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
    mdbx_atomic_uint32_t high, low;
#else
#error "FIXME: Unsupported byte order"
#endif /* __BYTE_ORDER__ */
  };
#endif
} mdbx_atomic_uint64_t;

#ifdef MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS

/* Crutches for C11 atomic compiler's bugs */
#if defined(__e2k__) && defined(__LCC__) && __LCC__ < /* FIXME */ 127
#define MDBX_c11a_ro(type, ptr) (&(ptr)->weak)
#define MDBX_c11a_rw(type, ptr) (&(ptr)->weak)
#elif defined(__clang__) && __clang__ < 8
#define MDBX_c11a_ro(type, ptr) ((volatile _Atomic(type) *)&(ptr)->c11a)
#define MDBX_c11a_rw(type, ptr) (&(ptr)->c11a)
#else
#define MDBX_c11a_ro(type, ptr) (&(ptr)->c11a)
#define MDBX_c11a_rw(type, ptr) (&(ptr)->c11a)
#endif /* Crutches for C11 atomic compiler's bugs */

#define mo_c11_store(fence)                                                                                            \
  (((fence) == mo_Relaxed)          ? memory_order_relaxed                                                             \
   : ((fence) == mo_AcquireRelease) ? memory_order_release                                                             \
                                    : memory_order_seq_cst)
#define mo_c11_load(fence)                                                                                             \
  (((fence) == mo_Relaxed)          ? memory_order_relaxed                                                             \
   : ((fence) == mo_AcquireRelease) ? memory_order_acquire                                                             \
                                    : memory_order_seq_cst)

#endif /* MDBX_HAVE_C11ATOMICS */

#define SAFE64_INVALID_THRESHOLD UINT64_C(0xffffFFFF00000000)

#pragma pack(push, 4)

/* A stamp that identifies a file as an MDBX file.
 * There's nothing special about this value other than that it is easily
 * recognizable, and it will reflect any byte order mismatches. */
#define MDBX_MAGIC UINT64_C(/* 56-bit prime */ 0x59659DBDEF4C11)

/* FROZEN: The version number for a database's datafile format. */
#define MDBX_DATA_VERSION 3

#define MDBX_DATA_MAGIC ((MDBX_MAGIC << 8) + MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING * 64 + MDBX_DATA_VERSION)
#define MDBX_DATA_MAGIC_LEGACY_COMPAT ((MDBX_MAGIC << 8) + MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING * 64 + 2)
#define MDBX_DATA_MAGIC_LEGACY_DEVEL ((MDBX_MAGIC << 8) + 255)

/* handle for the DB used to track free pages. */
#define FREE_DBI 0
/* handle for the default DB. */
#define MAIN_DBI 1
/* Number of DBs in metapage (free and main) - also hardcoded elsewhere */
#define CORE_DBS 2

/* Number of meta pages - also hardcoded elsewhere */
#define NUM_METAS 3

/* A page number in the database.
 *
 * MDBX uses 32 bit for page numbers. This limits database
 * size up to 2^44 bytes, in case of 4K pages. */
typedef uint32_t pgno_t;
typedef mdbx_atomic_uint32_t atomic_pgno_t;
#define PRIaPGNO PRIu32
#define MAX_PAGENO UINT32_C(0x7FFFffff)
#define MIN_PAGENO NUM_METAS

/* An invalid page number.
 * Mainly used to denote an empty tree. */
#define P_INVALID (~(pgno_t)0)

/* A transaction ID. */
typedef uint64_t txnid_t;
typedef mdbx_atomic_uint64_t atomic_txnid_t;
#define PRIaTXN PRIi64
#define MIN_TXNID UINT64_C(1)
#define MAX_TXNID (SAFE64_INVALID_THRESHOLD - 1)
#define INITIAL_TXNID (MIN_TXNID + NUM_METAS - 1)
#define INVALID_TXNID UINT64_MAX

/* Used for offsets within a single page. */
typedef uint16_t indx_t;

typedef struct tree {
  uint16_t flags;       /* see mdbx_dbi_open */
  uint16_t height;      /* height of this tree */
  uint32_t dupfix_size; /* key-size for MDBX_DUPFIXED (DUPFIX pages) */
  pgno_t root;          /* the root page of this tree */
  pgno_t branch_pages;  /* number of branch pages */
  pgno_t leaf_pages;    /* number of leaf pages */
  pgno_t large_pages;   /* number of large pages */
  uint64_t sequence;    /* table sequence counter */
  uint64_t items;       /* number of data items */
  uint64_t mod_txnid;   /* txnid of last committed modification */
} tree_t;

/* database size-related parameters */
typedef struct geo {
  uint16_t grow_pv;   /* datafile growth step as a 16-bit packed (exponential
                           quantized) value */
  uint16_t shrink_pv; /* datafile shrink threshold as a 16-bit packed
                           (exponential quantized) value */
  pgno_t lower;       /* minimal size of datafile in pages */
  pgno_t upper;       /* maximal size of datafile in pages */
  union {
    pgno_t now; /* current size of datafile in pages */
    pgno_t end_pgno;
  };
  union {
    pgno_t first_unallocated; /* first unused page in the datafile,
                         but actually the file may be shorter. */
    pgno_t next_pgno;
  };
} geo_t;

/* Meta page content.
 * A meta page is the start point for accessing a database snapshot.
 * Pages 0-2 are meta pages. */
typedef struct meta {
  /* Stamp identifying this as an MDBX file.
   * It must be set to MDBX_MAGIC with MDBX_DATA_VERSION. */
  uint32_t magic_and_version[2];

  /* txnid that committed this meta, the first of a two-phase-update pair */
  union {
    mdbx_atomic_uint32_t txnid_a[2];
    uint64_t unsafe_txnid;
  };

  uint16_t reserve16;   /* extra flags, zero (nothing) for now */
  uint8_t validator_id; /* ID of checksum and page validation method,
                         * zero (nothing) for now */
  int8_t extra_pagehdr; /* extra bytes in the page header,
                         * zero (nothing) for now */

  geo_t geometry; /* database size-related parameters */

  union {
    struct {
      tree_t gc, main;
    } trees;
    __anonymous_struct_extension__ struct {
      uint16_t gc_flags;
      uint16_t gc_height;
      uint32_t pagesize;
    };
  };

  MDBX_canary canary;

#define DATASIGN_NONE 0u
#define DATASIGN_WEAK 1u
#define SIGN_IS_STEADY(sign) ((sign) > DATASIGN_WEAK)
  union {
    uint32_t sign[2];
    uint64_t unsafe_sign;
  };

  /* txnid that committed this meta, the second of a two-phase-update pair */
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t txnid_b[2];

  /* Number of non-meta pages which were put in GC after COW. May be 0 in case
   * DB was previously handled by libmdbx without corresponding feature.
   * This value in couple with reader.snapshot_pages_retired allows fast
   * estimation of "how much reader is restraining GC recycling". */
  uint32_t pages_retired[2];

  /* The analogue /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id or similar to determine
   * whether the system was rebooted after the last use of the database files.
   * If there was no reboot, but there is no need to rollback to the last
   * steady sync point. Zeros mean that no relevant information is available
   * from the system. */
  bin128_t bootid;

  /* GUID базы данных, начиная с v0.13.1 */
  bin128_t dxbid;
} meta_t;

#pragma pack(1)

typedef enum page_type {
  P_BRANCH = 0x01u /* branch page */,
  P_LEAF = 0x02u /* leaf page */,
  P_LARGE = 0x04u /* large/overflow page */,
  P_META = 0x08u /* meta page */,
  P_LEGACY_DIRTY = 0x10u /* legacy P_DIRTY flag prior to v0.10 958fd5b9 */,
  P_BAD = P_LEGACY_DIRTY /* explicit flag for invalid/bad page */,
  P_DUPFIX = 0x20u /* for MDBX_DUPFIXED records */,
  P_SUBP = 0x40u /* for MDBX_DUPSORT sub-pages */,
  P_SPILLED = 0x2000u /* spilled in parent txn */,
  P_LOOSE = 0x4000u /* page was dirtied then freed, can be reused */,
  P_FROZEN = 0x8000u /* used for retire page with known status */,
  P_ILL_BITS = (uint16_t)~(P_BRANCH | P_LEAF | P_DUPFIX | P_LARGE | P_SPILLED),

  page_broken = 0,
  page_large = P_LARGE,
  page_branch = P_BRANCH,
  page_leaf = P_LEAF,
  page_dupfix_leaf = P_DUPFIX,
  page_sub_leaf = P_SUBP | P_LEAF,
  page_sub_dupfix_leaf = P_SUBP | P_DUPFIX,
  page_sub_broken = P_SUBP,
} page_type_t;

/* Common header for all page types. The page type depends on flags.
 *
 * P_BRANCH and P_LEAF pages have unsorted 'node_t's at the end, with
 * sorted entries[] entries referring to them. Exception: P_DUPFIX pages
 * omit entries and pack sorted MDBX_DUPFIXED values after the page header.
 *
 * P_LARGE records occupy one or more contiguous pages where only the
 * first has a page header. They hold the real data of N_BIG nodes.
 *
 * P_SUBP sub-pages are small leaf "pages" with duplicate data.
 * A node with flag N_DUP but not N_TREE contains a sub-page.
 * (Duplicate data can also go in tables, which use normal pages.)
 *
 * P_META pages contain meta_t, the start point of an MDBX snapshot.
 *
 * Each non-metapage up to meta_t.mm_last_pg is reachable exactly once
 * in the snapshot: Either used by a database or listed in a GC record. */
typedef struct page {
  uint64_t txnid;        /* txnid which created page, maybe zero in legacy DB */
  uint16_t dupfix_ksize; /* key size if this is a DUPFIX page */
  uint16_t flags;
  union {
    uint32_t pages; /* number of overflow pages */
    __anonymous_struct_extension__ struct {
      indx_t lower; /* lower bound of free space */
      indx_t upper; /* upper bound of free space */
    };
  };
  pgno_t pgno; /* page number */

#if FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS
  indx_t entries[] /* dynamic size */;
#endif /* FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS */
} page_t;

/* Size of the page header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
#define PAGEHDRSZ 20u

/* Header for a single key/data pair within a page.
 * Used in pages of type P_BRANCH and P_LEAF without P_DUPFIX.
 * We guarantee 2-byte alignment for 'node_t's.
 *
 * Leaf node flags describe node contents.  N_BIG says the node's
 * data part is the page number of an overflow page with actual data.
 * N_DUP and N_TREE can be combined giving duplicate data in
 * a sub-page/table, and named databases (just N_TREE). */
typedef struct node {
#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
  union {
    uint32_t dsize;
    uint32_t child_pgno;
  };
  uint8_t flags; /* see node_flags */
  uint8_t extra;
  uint16_t ksize; /* key size */
#else
  uint16_t ksize; /* key size */
  uint8_t extra;
  uint8_t flags; /* see node_flags */
  union {
    uint32_t child_pgno;
    uint32_t dsize;
  };
#endif /* __BYTE_ORDER__ */

#if FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS
  uint8_t payload[] /* key and data are appended here */;
#endif /* FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS */
} node_t;

/* Size of the node header, excluding dynamic data at the end */
#define NODESIZE 8u

typedef enum node_flags {
  N_BIG = 0x01 /* data put on large page */,
  N_TREE = 0x02 /* data is a b-tree */,
  N_DUP = 0x04 /* data has duplicates */
} node_flags_t;

#pragma pack(pop)

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline uint8_t page_type(const page_t *mp) { return mp->flags; }

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline uint8_t page_type_compat(const page_t *mp) {
  /* Drop legacy P_DIRTY flag for sub-pages for compatilibity,
   * for assertions only. */
  return unlikely(mp->flags & P_SUBP) ? mp->flags & ~(P_SUBP | P_LEGACY_DIRTY) : mp->flags;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline bool is_leaf(const page_t *mp) {
  return (mp->flags & P_LEAF) != 0;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline bool is_dupfix_leaf(const page_t *mp) {
  return (mp->flags & P_DUPFIX) != 0;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline bool is_branch(const page_t *mp) {
  return (mp->flags & P_BRANCH) != 0;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline bool is_largepage(const page_t *mp) {
  return (mp->flags & P_LARGE) != 0;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_NOTHROW_PURE_FUNCTION static inline bool is_subpage(const page_t *mp) {
  return (mp->flags & P_SUBP) != 0;
}

/* The version number for a database's lockfile format. */
#define MDBX_LOCK_VERSION 6

#if MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_WIN32FILES

#define MDBX_LCK_SIGN UINT32_C(0xF10C)
typedef void osal_ipclock_t;
#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_SYSV

#define MDBX_LCK_SIGN UINT32_C(0xF18D)
typedef mdbx_pid_t osal_ipclock_t;

#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2001 || MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX2008

#define MDBX_LCK_SIGN UINT32_C(0x8017)
typedef pthread_mutex_t osal_ipclock_t;

#elif MDBX_LOCKING == MDBX_LOCKING_POSIX1988

#define MDBX_LCK_SIGN UINT32_C(0xFC29)
typedef sem_t osal_ipclock_t;

#else
#error "FIXME"
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING */

/* Статистика профилирования работы GC */
typedef struct gc_prof_stat {
  /* Монотонное время по "настенным часам"
   * затраченное на чтение и поиск внутри GC */
  uint64_t rtime_monotonic;
  /* Процессорное время в режим пользователя
   * на подготовку страниц извлекаемых из GC, включая подкачку с диска. */
  uint64_t xtime_cpu;
  /* Количество итераций чтения-поиска внутри GC при выделении страниц */
  uint32_t rsteps;
  /* Количество запросов на выделение последовательностей страниц,
   * т.е. когда запрашивает выделение больше одной страницы */
  uint32_t xpages;
  /* Счетчик выполнения по медленному пути (slow path execution count) */
  uint32_t spe_counter;
  /* page faults (hard page faults) */
  uint32_t majflt;
  /* Для разборок с pnl_merge() */
  struct {
    uint64_t time;
    uint64_t volume;
    uint32_t calls;
  } pnl_merge;
} gc_prof_stat_t;

/* Statistics of pages operations for all transactions,
 * including incomplete and aborted. */
typedef struct pgops {
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t newly;   /* Quantity of a new pages added */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t cow;     /* Quantity of pages copied for update */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t clone;   /* Quantity of parent's dirty pages clones
                                   for nested transactions */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t split;   /* Page splits */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t merge;   /* Page merges */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t spill;   /* Quantity of spilled dirty pages */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t unspill; /* Quantity of unspilled/reloaded pages */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t wops;    /* Number of explicit write operations (not a pages) to a disk */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t msync;   /* Number of explicit msync/flush-to-disk operations */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t fsync;   /* Number of explicit fsync/flush-to-disk operations */

  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t prefault; /* Number of prefault write operations */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t mincore;  /* Number of mincore() calls */

  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t incoherence; /* number of https://libmdbx.dqdkfa.ru/dead-github/issues/269
                                       caught */
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t reserved;

  /* Статистика для профилирования GC.
   * Логически эти данные, возможно, стоит вынести в другую структуру,
   * но разница будет сугубо косметическая. */
  struct {
    /* Затраты на поддержку данных пользователя */
    gc_prof_stat_t work;
    /* Затраты на поддержку и обновления самой GC */
    gc_prof_stat_t self;
    /* Итераций обновления GC,
     * больше 1 если были повторы/перезапуски */
    uint32_t wloops;
    /* Итерации слияния записей GC */
    uint32_t coalescences;
    /* Уничтожения steady-точек фиксации в MDBX_UTTERLY_NOSYNC */
    uint32_t wipes;
    /* Сбросы данные на диск вне MDBX_UTTERLY_NOSYNC */
    uint32_t flushes;
    /* Попытки пнуть тормозящих читателей */
    uint32_t kicks;
  } gc_prof;
} pgop_stat_t;

/* Reader Lock Table
 *
 * Readers don't acquire any locks for their data access. Instead, they
 * simply record their transaction ID in the reader table. The reader
 * mutex is needed just to find an empty slot in the reader table. The
 * slot's address is saved in thread-specific data so that subsequent
 * read transactions started by the same thread need no further locking to
 * proceed.
 *
 * If MDBX_NOSTICKYTHREADS is set, the slot address is not saved in
 * thread-specific data. No reader table is used if the database is on a
 * read-only filesystem.
 *
 * Since the database uses multi-version concurrency control, readers don't
 * actually need any locking. This table is used to keep track of which
 * readers are using data from which old transactions, so that we'll know
 * when a particular old transaction is no longer in use. Old transactions
 * that have discarded any data pages can then have those pages reclaimed
 * for use by a later write transaction.
 *
 * The lock table is constructed such that reader slots are aligned with the
 * processor's cache line size. Any slot is only ever used by one thread.
 * This alignment guarantees that there will be no contention or cache
 * thrashing as threads update their own slot info, and also eliminates
 * any need for locking when accessing a slot.
 *
 * A writer thread will scan every slot in the table to determine the oldest
 * outstanding reader transaction. Any freed pages older than this will be
 * reclaimed by the writer. The writer doesn't use any locks when scanning
 * this table. This means that there's no guarantee that the writer will
 * see the most up-to-date reader info, but that's not required for correct
 * operation - all we need is to know the upper bound on the oldest reader,
 * we don't care at all about the newest reader. So the only consequence of
 * reading stale information here is that old pages might hang around a
 * while longer before being reclaimed. That's actually good anyway, because
 * the longer we delay reclaiming old pages, the more likely it is that a
 * string of contiguous pages can be found after coalescing old pages from
 * many old transactions together. */

/* The actual reader record, with cacheline padding. */
typedef struct reader_slot {
  /* Current Transaction ID when this transaction began, or INVALID_TXNID.
   * Multiple readers that start at the same time will probably have the
   * same ID here. Again, it's not important to exclude them from
   * anything; all we need to know is which version of the DB they
   * started from so we can avoid overwriting any data used in that
   * particular version. */
  atomic_txnid_t txnid;

  /* The information we store in a single slot of the reader table.
   * In addition to a transaction ID, we also record the process and
   * thread ID that owns a slot, so that we can detect stale information,
   * e.g. threads or processes that went away without cleaning up.
   *
   * NOTE: We currently don't check for stale records.
   * We simply re-init the table when we know that we're the only process
   * opening the lock file. */

  /* Псевдо thread_id для пометки вытесненных читающих транзакций. */
#define MDBX_TID_TXN_OUSTED (UINT64_MAX - 1)

  /* Псевдо thread_id для пометки припаркованных читающих транзакций. */
#define MDBX_TID_TXN_PARKED UINT64_MAX

  /* The thread ID of the thread owning this txn. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t tid;

  /* The process ID of the process owning this reader txn. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t pid;

  /* The number of pages used in the reader's MVCC snapshot,
   * i.e. the value of meta->geometry.first_unallocated and
   * txn->geo.first_unallocated */
  atomic_pgno_t snapshot_pages_used;
  /* Number of retired pages at the time this reader starts transaction. So,
   * at any time the difference meta.pages_retired -
   * reader.snapshot_pages_retired will give the number of pages which this
   * reader restraining from reuse. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t snapshot_pages_retired;
} reader_slot_t;

/* The header for the reader table (a memory-mapped lock file). */
typedef struct shared_lck {
  /* Stamp identifying this as an MDBX file.
   * It must be set to MDBX_MAGIC with with MDBX_LOCK_VERSION. */
  uint64_t magic_and_version;

  /* Format of this lock file. Must be set to MDBX_LOCK_FORMAT. */
  uint32_t os_and_format;

  /* Flags which environment was opened. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t envmode;

  /* Threshold of un-synced-with-disk pages for auto-sync feature,
   * zero means no-threshold, i.e. auto-sync is disabled. */
  atomic_pgno_t autosync_threshold;

  /* Low 32-bit of txnid with which meta-pages was synced,
   * i.e. for sync-polling in the MDBX_NOMETASYNC mode. */
#define MDBX_NOMETASYNC_LAZY_UNK (UINT32_MAX / 3)
#define MDBX_NOMETASYNC_LAZY_FD (MDBX_NOMETASYNC_LAZY_UNK + UINT32_MAX / 8)
#define MDBX_NOMETASYNC_LAZY_WRITEMAP (MDBX_NOMETASYNC_LAZY_UNK - UINT32_MAX / 8)
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t meta_sync_txnid;

  /* Period for timed auto-sync feature, i.e. at the every steady checkpoint
   * the mti_unsynced_timeout sets to the current_time + autosync_period.
   * The time value is represented in a suitable system-dependent form, for
   * example clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME) or clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC).
   * Zero means timed auto-sync is disabled. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t autosync_period;

  /* Marker to distinguish uniqueness of DB/CLK. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t bait_uniqueness;

  /* Paired counter of processes that have mlock()ed part of mmapped DB.
   * The (mlcnt[0] - mlcnt[1]) > 0 means at least one process
   * lock at least one page, so therefore madvise() could return EINVAL. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t mlcnt[2];

  MDBX_ALIGNAS(MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE) /* cacheline ----------------------------*/

  /* Statistics of costly ops of all (running, completed and aborted)
   * transactions */
  pgop_stat_t pgops;

  MDBX_ALIGNAS(MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE) /* cacheline ----------------------------*/

#if MDBX_LOCKING > 0
  /* Write transaction lock. */
  osal_ipclock_t wrt_lock;
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING > 0 */

  atomic_txnid_t cached_oldest;

  /* Timestamp of entering an out-of-sync state. Value is represented in a
   * suitable system-dependent form, for example clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME)
   * or clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC). */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t eoos_timestamp;

  /* Number un-synced-with-disk pages for auto-sync feature. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t unsynced_pages;

  /* Timestamp of the last readers check. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint64_t readers_check_timestamp;

  /* Number of page which was discarded last time by madvise(DONTNEED). */
  atomic_pgno_t discarded_tail;

  /* Shared anchor for tracking readahead edge and enabled/disabled status. */
  pgno_t readahead_anchor;

  /* Shared cache for mincore() results */
  struct {
    pgno_t begin[4];
    uint64_t mask[4];
  } mincore_cache;

  MDBX_ALIGNAS(MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE) /* cacheline ----------------------------*/

#if MDBX_LOCKING > 0
  /* Readeaders table lock. */
  osal_ipclock_t rdt_lock;
#endif /* MDBX_LOCKING > 0 */

  /* The number of slots that have been used in the reader table.
   * This always records the maximum count, it is not decremented
   * when readers release their slots. */
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t rdt_length;
  mdbx_atomic_uint32_t rdt_refresh_flag;

#if FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS
  MDBX_ALIGNAS(MDBX_CACHELINE_SIZE) /* cacheline ----------------------------*/
  reader_slot_t rdt[] /* dynamic size */;

/* Lockfile format signature: version, features and field layout */
#define MDBX_LOCK_FORMAT                                                                                               \
  (MDBX_LCK_SIGN * 27733 + (unsigned)sizeof(reader_slot_t) * 13 +                                                      \
   (unsigned)offsetof(reader_slot_t, snapshot_pages_used) * 251 + (unsigned)offsetof(lck_t, cached_oldest) * 83 +      \
   (unsigned)offsetof(lck_t, rdt_length) * 37 + (unsigned)offsetof(lck_t, rdt) * 29)
#endif /* FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBERS */
} lck_t;

#define MDBX_LOCK_MAGIC ((MDBX_MAGIC << 8) + MDBX_LOCK_VERSION)

#define MDBX_READERS_LIMIT 32767

#define MIN_MAPSIZE (MDBX_MIN_PAGESIZE * MIN_PAGENO)
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#define MAX_MAPSIZE32 UINT32_C(0x38000000)
#else
#define MAX_MAPSIZE32 UINT32_C(0x7f000000)
#endif
#define MAX_MAPSIZE64 ((MAX_PAGENO + 1) * (uint64_t)MDBX_MAX_PAGESIZE)

#if MDBX_WORDBITS >= 64
#define MAX_MAPSIZE MAX_MAPSIZE64
#define PAGELIST_LIMIT ((size_t)MAX_PAGENO)
#else
#define MAX_MAPSIZE MAX_MAPSIZE32
#define PAGELIST_LIMIT (MAX_MAPSIZE32 / MDBX_MIN_PAGESIZE)
#endif /* MDBX_WORDBITS */

#define MDBX_GOLD_RATIO_DBL 1.6180339887498948482
#define MEGABYTE ((size_t)1 << 20)

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

union logger_union {
  void *ptr;
  MDBX_debug_func *fmt;
  MDBX_debug_func_nofmt *nofmt;
};

struct libmdbx_globals {
  bin128_t bootid;
  unsigned sys_pagesize, sys_allocation_granularity;
  uint8_t sys_pagesize_ln2;
  uint8_t runtime_flags;
  uint8_t loglevel;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  bool running_under_Wine;
#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__gnu_linux__)
  bool running_on_WSL1 /* Windows Subsystem 1 for Linux */;
  uint32_t linux_kernel_version;
#endif /* Linux */
  union logger_union logger;
  osal_fastmutex_t debug_lock;
  size_t logger_buffer_size;
  char *logger_buffer;
};

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif /* __cplusplus */

extern struct libmdbx_globals globals;
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
extern struct libmdbx_imports imports;
#endif /* Windows */

#ifndef __Wpedantic_format_voidptr
MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline const void *__Wpedantic_format_voidptr(const void *ptr) { return ptr; }
#define __Wpedantic_format_voidptr(ARG) __Wpedantic_format_voidptr(ARG)
#endif /* __Wpedantic_format_voidptr */

MDBX_INTERNAL void MDBX_PRINTF_ARGS(4, 5) debug_log(int level, const char *function, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
    MDBX_PRINTF_ARGS(4, 5);
MDBX_INTERNAL void debug_log_va(int level, const char *function, int line, const char *fmt, va_list args);

#if MDBX_DEBUG
#define LOG_ENABLED(LVL) unlikely(LVL <= globals.loglevel)
#define AUDIT_ENABLED() unlikely((globals.runtime_flags & (unsigned)MDBX_DBG_AUDIT))
#else /* MDBX_DEBUG */
#define LOG_ENABLED(LVL) (LVL < MDBX_LOG_VERBOSE && LVL <= globals.loglevel)
#define AUDIT_ENABLED() (0)
#endif /* LOG_ENABLED() & AUDIT_ENABLED() */

#if MDBX_FORCE_ASSERTIONS
#define ASSERT_ENABLED() (1)
#elif MDBX_DEBUG
#define ASSERT_ENABLED() likely((globals.runtime_flags & (unsigned)MDBX_DBG_ASSERT))
#else
#define ASSERT_ENABLED() (0)
#endif /* ASSERT_ENABLED() */

#define DEBUG_EXTRA(fmt, ...)                                                                                          \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_EXTRA))                                                                                   \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_EXTRA, __func__, __LINE__, fmt, __VA_ARGS__);                                                 \
  } while (0)

#define DEBUG_EXTRA_PRINT(fmt, ...)                                                                                    \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_EXTRA))                                                                                   \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_EXTRA, nullptr, 0, fmt, __VA_ARGS__);                                                         \
  } while (0)

#define TRACE(fmt, ...)                                                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_TRACE))                                                                                   \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_TRACE, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                                            \
  } while (0)

#define DEBUG(fmt, ...)                                                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_DEBUG))                                                                                   \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_DEBUG, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                                            \
  } while (0)

#define VERBOSE(fmt, ...)                                                                                              \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_VERBOSE))                                                                                 \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_VERBOSE, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                                          \
  } while (0)

#define NOTICE(fmt, ...)                                                                                               \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_NOTICE))                                                                                  \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_NOTICE, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                                           \
  } while (0)

#define WARNING(fmt, ...)                                                                                              \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_WARN))                                                                                    \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_WARN, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                                             \
  } while (0)

#undef ERROR /* wingdi.h                                                                                               \
  Yeah, morons from M$ put such definition to the public header. */

#define ERROR(fmt, ...)                                                                                                \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (LOG_ENABLED(MDBX_LOG_ERROR))                                                                                   \
      debug_log(MDBX_LOG_ERROR, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);                                            \
  } while (0)

#define FATAL(fmt, ...) debug_log(MDBX_LOG_FATAL, __func__, __LINE__, fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__);

#if MDBX_DEBUG
#define ASSERT_FAIL(env, msg, func, line) mdbx_assert_fail(env, msg, func, line)
#else /* MDBX_DEBUG */
MDBX_NORETURN __cold void assert_fail(const char *msg, const char *func, unsigned line);
#define ASSERT_FAIL(env, msg, func, line)                                                                              \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    (void)(env);                                                                                                       \
    assert_fail(msg, func, line);                                                                                      \
  } while (0)
#endif /* MDBX_DEBUG */

#define ENSURE_MSG(env, expr, msg)                                                                                     \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (unlikely(!(expr)))                                                                                             \
      ASSERT_FAIL(env, msg, __func__, __LINE__);                                                                       \
  } while (0)

#define ENSURE(env, expr) ENSURE_MSG(env, expr, #expr)

/* assert(3) variant in environment context */
#define eASSERT(env, expr)                                                                                             \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    if (ASSERT_ENABLED())                                                                                              \
      ENSURE(env, expr);                                                                                               \
  } while (0)

/* assert(3) variant in cursor context */
#define cASSERT(mc, expr) eASSERT((mc)->txn->env, expr)

/* assert(3) variant in transaction context */
#define tASSERT(txn, expr) eASSERT((txn)->env, expr)

#ifndef xMDBX_TOOLS /* Avoid using internal eASSERT() */
#undef assert
#define assert(expr) eASSERT(nullptr, expr)
#endif

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline void jitter4testing(bool tiny) {
#if MDBX_DEBUG
  if (globals.runtime_flags & (unsigned)MDBX_DBG_JITTER)
    osal_jitter(tiny);
#else
  (void)tiny;
#endif
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_INTERNAL void page_list(page_t *mp);

MDBX_INTERNAL const char *pagetype_caption(const uint8_t type, char buf4unknown[16]);
/* Key size which fits in a DKBUF (debug key buffer). */
#define DKBUF_MAX 127
#define DKBUF char dbg_kbuf[DKBUF_MAX * 4 + 2]
#define DKEY(x) mdbx_dump_val(x, dbg_kbuf, DKBUF_MAX * 2 + 1)
#define DVAL(x) mdbx_dump_val(x, dbg_kbuf + DKBUF_MAX * 2 + 1, DKBUF_MAX * 2 + 1)

#if MDBX_DEBUG
#define DKBUF_DEBUG DKBUF
#define DKEY_DEBUG(x) DKEY(x)
#define DVAL_DEBUG(x) DVAL(x)
#else
#define DKBUF_DEBUG ((void)(0))
#define DKEY_DEBUG(x) ("-")
#define DVAL_DEBUG(x) ("-")
#endif

MDBX_INTERNAL void log_error(const int err, const char *func, unsigned line);

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline int log_if_error(const int err, const char *func, unsigned line) {
  if (unlikely(err != MDBX_SUCCESS))
    log_error(err, func, line);
  return err;
}

#define LOG_IFERR(err) log_if_error((err), __func__, __LINE__)

/* Test if the flags f are set in a flag word w. */
#define F_ISSET(w, f) (((w) & (f)) == (f))

/* Round n up to an even number. */
#define EVEN_CEIL(n) (((n) + 1UL) & -2L) /* sign-extending -2 to match n+1U */

/* Round n down to an even number. */
#define EVEN_FLOOR(n) ((n) & ~(size_t)1)

/*
 *                /
 *                | -1, a < b
 * CMP2INT(a,b) = <  0, a == b
 *                |  1, a > b
 *                \
 */
#define CMP2INT(a, b) (((a) != (b)) ? (((a) < (b)) ? -1 : 1) : 0)

/* Pointer displacement without casting to char* to avoid pointer-aliasing */
#define ptr_disp(ptr, disp) ((void *)(((intptr_t)(ptr)) + ((intptr_t)(disp))))

/* Pointer distance as signed number of bytes */
#define ptr_dist(more, less) (((intptr_t)(more)) - ((intptr_t)(less)))

#define MDBX_ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(addr, size)                                                                     \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    TRACE("POISON_MEMORY_REGION(%p, %zu) at %u", (void *)(addr), (size_t)(size), __LINE__);                            \
    ASAN_POISON_MEMORY_REGION(addr, size);                                                                             \
  } while (0)

#define MDBX_ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(addr, size)                                                                   \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    TRACE("UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(%p, %zu) at %u", (void *)(addr), (size_t)(size), __LINE__);                          \
    ASAN_UNPOISON_MEMORY_REGION(addr, size);                                                                           \
  } while (0)

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline size_t branchless_abs(intptr_t value) {
  assert(value > INT_MIN);
  const size_t expanded_sign = (size_t)(value >> (sizeof(value) * CHAR_BIT - 1));
  return ((size_t)value + expanded_sign) ^ expanded_sign;
}

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline bool is_powerof2(size_t x) { return (x & (x - 1)) == 0; }

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline size_t floor_powerof2(size_t value, size_t granularity) {
  assert(is_powerof2(granularity));
  return value & ~(granularity - 1);
}

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline size_t ceil_powerof2(size_t value, size_t granularity) {
  return floor_powerof2(value + granularity - 1, granularity);
}

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED MDBX_INTERNAL unsigned log2n_powerof2(size_t value_uintptr);

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_INTERNAL uint64_t rrxmrrxmsx_0(uint64_t v);

struct monotime_cache {
  uint64_t value;
  int expire_countdown;
};

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline uint64_t monotime_since_cached(uint64_t begin_timestamp, struct monotime_cache *cache) {
  if (cache->expire_countdown)
    cache->expire_countdown -= 1;
  else {
    cache->value = osal_monotime();
    cache->expire_countdown = 42 / 3;
  }
  return cache->value - begin_timestamp;
}

/* An PNL is an Page Number List, a sorted array of IDs.
 *
 * The first element of the array is a counter for how many actual page-numbers
 * are in the list. By default PNLs are sorted in descending order, this allow
 * cut off a page with lowest pgno (at the tail) just truncating the list. The
 * sort order of PNLs is controlled by the MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING build option. */
typedef pgno_t *pnl_t;
typedef const pgno_t *const_pnl_t;

#if MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING
#define MDBX_PNL_ORDERED(first, last) ((first) < (last))
#define MDBX_PNL_DISORDERED(first, last) ((first) >= (last))
#else
#define MDBX_PNL_ORDERED(first, last) ((first) > (last))
#define MDBX_PNL_DISORDERED(first, last) ((first) <= (last))
#endif

#define MDBX_PNL_GRANULATE_LOG2 10
#define MDBX_PNL_GRANULATE (1 << MDBX_PNL_GRANULATE_LOG2)
#define MDBX_PNL_INITIAL (MDBX_PNL_GRANULATE - 2 - MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD / sizeof(pgno_t))

#define MDBX_PNL_ALLOCLEN(pl) ((pl)[-1])
#define MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pl) ((size_t)((pl)[0]))
#define MDBX_PNL_SETSIZE(pl, size)                                                                                     \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    const size_t __size = size;                                                                                        \
    assert(__size < INT_MAX);                                                                                          \
    (pl)[0] = (pgno_t)__size;                                                                                          \
  } while (0)
#define MDBX_PNL_FIRST(pl) ((pl)[1])
#define MDBX_PNL_LAST(pl) ((pl)[MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pl)])
#define MDBX_PNL_BEGIN(pl) (&(pl)[1])
#define MDBX_PNL_END(pl) (&(pl)[MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pl) + 1])

#if MDBX_PNL_ASCENDING
#define MDBX_PNL_EDGE(pl) ((pl) + 1)
#define MDBX_PNL_LEAST(pl) MDBX_PNL_FIRST(pl)
#define MDBX_PNL_MOST(pl) MDBX_PNL_LAST(pl)
#else
#define MDBX_PNL_EDGE(pl) ((pl) + MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pl))
#define MDBX_PNL_LEAST(pl) MDBX_PNL_LAST(pl)
#define MDBX_PNL_MOST(pl) MDBX_PNL_FIRST(pl)
#endif

#define MDBX_PNL_SIZEOF(pl) ((MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pl) + 1) * sizeof(pgno_t))
#define MDBX_PNL_IS_EMPTY(pl) (MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pl) == 0)

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline size_t pnl_size2bytes(size_t size) {
  assert(size > 0 && size <= PAGELIST_LIMIT);
#if MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT

  size += size;
#endif /* MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT */
  STATIC_ASSERT(MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD +
                    (PAGELIST_LIMIT * (MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT + 1) + MDBX_PNL_GRANULATE + 3) * sizeof(pgno_t) <
                SIZE_MAX / 4 * 3);
  size_t bytes =
      ceil_powerof2(MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD + sizeof(pgno_t) * (size + 3), MDBX_PNL_GRANULATE * sizeof(pgno_t)) -
      MDBX_ASSUME_MALLOC_OVERHEAD;
  return bytes;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline pgno_t pnl_bytes2size(const size_t bytes) {
  size_t size = bytes / sizeof(pgno_t);
  assert(size > 3 && size <= PAGELIST_LIMIT + /* alignment gap */ 65536);
  size -= 3;
#if MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT
  size >>= 1;
#endif /* MDBX_PNL_PREALLOC_FOR_RADIXSORT */
  return (pgno_t)size;
}

MDBX_INTERNAL pnl_t pnl_alloc(size_t size);

MDBX_INTERNAL void pnl_free(pnl_t pnl);

MDBX_INTERNAL int pnl_reserve(pnl_t __restrict *__restrict ppnl, const size_t wanna);

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline int __must_check_result pnl_need(pnl_t __restrict *__restrict ppnl, size_t num) {
  assert(MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(*ppnl) <= PAGELIST_LIMIT && MDBX_PNL_ALLOCLEN(*ppnl) >= MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(*ppnl));
  assert(num <= PAGELIST_LIMIT);
  const size_t wanna = MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(*ppnl) + num;
  return likely(MDBX_PNL_ALLOCLEN(*ppnl) >= wanna) ? MDBX_SUCCESS : pnl_reserve(ppnl, wanna);
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline void pnl_append_prereserved(__restrict pnl_t pnl, pgno_t pgno) {
  assert(MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pnl) < MDBX_PNL_ALLOCLEN(pnl));
  if (AUDIT_ENABLED()) {
    for (size_t i = MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pnl); i > 0; --i)
      assert(pgno != pnl[i]);
  }
  *pnl += 1;
  MDBX_PNL_LAST(pnl) = pgno;
}

MDBX_INTERNAL void pnl_shrink(pnl_t __restrict *__restrict ppnl);

MDBX_INTERNAL int __must_check_result spill_append_span(__restrict pnl_t *ppnl, pgno_t pgno, size_t n);

MDBX_INTERNAL int __must_check_result pnl_append_span(__restrict pnl_t *ppnl, pgno_t pgno, size_t n);

MDBX_INTERNAL int __must_check_result pnl_insert_span(__restrict pnl_t *ppnl, pgno_t pgno, size_t n);

MDBX_INTERNAL size_t pnl_search_nochk(const pnl_t pnl, pgno_t pgno);

MDBX_INTERNAL void pnl_sort_nochk(pnl_t pnl);

MDBX_INTERNAL bool pnl_check(const const_pnl_t pnl, const size_t limit);

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline bool pnl_check_allocated(const const_pnl_t pnl, const size_t limit) {
  return pnl == nullptr || (MDBX_PNL_ALLOCLEN(pnl) >= MDBX_PNL_GETSIZE(pnl) && pnl_check(pnl, limit));
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline void pnl_sort(pnl_t pnl, size_t limit4check) {
  pnl_sort_nochk(pnl);
  assert(pnl_check(pnl, limit4check));
  (void)limit4check;
}

MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline size_t pnl_search(const pnl_t pnl, pgno_t pgno, size_t limit) {
  assert(pnl_check_allocated(pnl, limit));
  if (MDBX_HAVE_CMOV) {
    /* cmov-ускоренный бинарный поиск может читать (но не использовать) один
     * элемент за концом данных, этот элемент в пределах выделенного участка
     * памяти, но не инициализирован. */
    VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_DEFINED(MDBX_PNL_END(pnl), sizeof(pgno_t));
  }
  assert(pgno < limit);
  (void)limit;
  size_t n = pnl_search_nochk(pnl, pgno);
  if (MDBX_HAVE_CMOV) {
    VALGRIND_MAKE_MEM_UNDEFINED(MDBX_PNL_END(pnl), sizeof(pgno_t));
  }
  return n;
}

MDBX_INTERNAL size_t pnl_merge(pnl_t dst, const pnl_t src);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif /* __cplusplus */

#define mdbx_sourcery_anchor XCONCAT(mdbx_sourcery_, MDBX_BUILD_SOURCERY)
#if defined(xMDBX_TOOLS)
extern LIBMDBX_API const char *const mdbx_sourcery_anchor;
#endif

#define MDBX_IS_ERROR(rc) ((rc) != MDBX_RESULT_TRUE && (rc) != MDBX_RESULT_FALSE)

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline pgno_t int64pgno(int64_t i64) {
  if (likely(i64 >= (int64_t)MIN_PAGENO && i64 <= (int64_t)MAX_PAGENO + 1))
    return (pgno_t)i64;
  return (i64 < (int64_t)MIN_PAGENO) ? MIN_PAGENO : MAX_PAGENO;
}

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline pgno_t pgno_add(size_t base, size_t augend) {
  assert(base <= MAX_PAGENO + 1 && augend < MAX_PAGENO);
  return int64pgno((int64_t)base + (int64_t)augend);
}

MDBX_NOTHROW_CONST_FUNCTION MDBX_MAYBE_UNUSED static inline pgno_t pgno_sub(size_t base, size_t subtrahend) {
  assert(base >= MIN_PAGENO && base <= MAX_PAGENO + 1 && subtrahend < MAX_PAGENO);
  return int64pgno((int64_t)base - (int64_t)subtrahend);
}
/// \copyright SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
/// \author Леонид Юрьев aka Leonid Yuriev <leo@yuriev.ru> \date 2020-2025
///
/// \brief Non-inline part of the libmdbx C++ API
///

#if !defined(MDBX_BUILD_CXX) || MDBX_BUILD_CXX != 1
#error "Build is misconfigured! Expecting MDBX_BUILD_CXX=1 for C++ API."
#endif /* MDBX_BUILD_CXX*/

/* Workaround for MSVC' header `extern "C"` vs `std::` redefinition bug */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#if defined(__SANITIZE_ADDRESS__) && !defined(_DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION)
#define _DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION
#endif /* _DISABLE_VECTOR_ANNOTATION */
#ifndef _SILENCE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATION_WARNING
#define _SILENCE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATION_WARNING
#endif /* #define _SILENCE_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM_DEPRECATION_WARNING */
#endif /* _MSC_VER */

#include <array>
#include <atomic>
#include <cctype> // for isxdigit(), etc
#include <system_error>

namespace {

#if 0 /* Unused for now */

class trouble_location {

#ifndef TROUBLE_PROVIDE_LINENO
#define TROUBLE_PROVIDE_LINENO 1
#endif

#ifndef TROUBLE_PROVIDE_CONDITION
#define TROUBLE_PROVIDE_CONDITION 1
#endif

#ifndef TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FUNCTION
#define TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FUNCTION 1
#endif

#ifndef TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FILENAME
#define TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FILENAME 1
#endif

#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_LINENO
  const unsigned line_;
#endif
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_CONDITION
  const char *const condition_;
#endif
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FUNCTION
  const char *const function_;
#endif
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FILENAME
  const char *const filename_;
#endif

public:
  MDBX_CXX11_CONSTEXPR trouble_location(unsigned line, const char *condition, const char *function,
                                        const char *filename)
      :
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_LINENO
        line_(line)
#endif
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_CONDITION
        ,
        condition_(condition)
#endif
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FUNCTION
        ,
        function_(function)
#endif
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FILENAME
        ,
        filename_(filename)
#endif
  {
#if !TROUBLE_PROVIDE_LINENO
    (void)line;
#endif
#if !TROUBLE_PROVIDE_CONDITION
    (void)condition;
#endif
#if !TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FUNCTION
    (void)function;
#endif
#if !TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FILENAME
    (void)filename;
#endif
  }

  trouble_location(const trouble_location &&) = delete;

  unsigned line() const {
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_LINENO
    return line_;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
  }

  const char *condition() const {
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_CONDITION
    return condition_;
#else
    return "";
#endif
  }

  const char *function() const {
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FUNCTION
    return function_;
#else
    return "";
#endif
  }

  const char *filename() const {
#if TROUBLE_PROVIDE_FILENAME
    return filename_;
#else
    return "";
#endif
  }
};

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

__cold std::string format_va(const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
  va_list ones;
  va_copy(ones, ap);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
  int needed = _vscprintf(fmt, ap);
#else
  int needed = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, ap);
#endif
  assert(needed >= 0);
  std::string result;
  result.reserve(size_t(needed + 1));
  result.resize(size_t(needed), '\0');
  assert(int(result.capacity()) > needed);
  int actual = vsnprintf(const_cast<char *>(result.data()), result.capacity(), fmt, ones);
  assert(actual == needed);
  (void)actual;
  va_end(ones);
  return result;
}

__cold std::string format(const char *fmt, ...) {
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap, fmt);
  std::string result = format_va(fmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return result;
}

class bug : public std::runtime_error {
  const trouble_location &location_;

public:
  bug(const trouble_location &) noexcept;
  /* temporary workaround for "private field 'FOO' is not used" from CLANG
   * and for "function 'BAR' was declared but never referenced" from LCC. */
#ifndef __LCC__
  const trouble_location &location() const noexcept { return location_; }
#endif
  virtual ~bug() noexcept;
};

__cold bug::bug(const trouble_location &location) noexcept
    : std::runtime_error(format("mdbx.bug: %s.%s at %s:%u", location.function(), location.condition(),
                                location.filename(), location.line())),
      location_(location) {}

__cold bug::~bug() noexcept {}

[[maybe_unused, noreturn]] __cold void raise_bug(const trouble_location &what_and_where) { throw bug(what_and_where); }

#define RAISE_BUG(line, condition, function, file)                                                                     \
  do {                                                                                                                 \
    static MDBX_CXX11_CONSTEXPR_VAR trouble_location bug(line, condition, function, file);                             \
    raise_bug(bug);                                                                                                    \
  } while (0)

#undef ENSURE
#define ENSURE(condition)                                                                                              \
  do                                                                                                                   \
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(!(condition)))                                                                                   \
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY RAISE_BUG(__LINE__, #condition, __func__, __FILE__);                                         \
  while (0)

#define NOT_IMPLEMENTED() RAISE_BUG(__LINE__, "not_implemented", __func__, __FILE__);

#endif /* Unused*/

struct line_wrapper {
  char *line, *ptr;
  line_wrapper(char *buf) noexcept : line(buf), ptr(buf) {}
  void put(char c, size_t wrap_width) noexcept {
    *ptr++ = c;
    if (wrap_width && ptr >= wrap_width + line) {
      *ptr++ = '\n';
      line = ptr;
    }
  }
  void put(const ::mdbx::slice &chunk, size_t wrap_width) noexcept {
    if (!wrap_width || wrap_width > (ptr - line) + chunk.length()) {
      memcpy(ptr, chunk.data(), chunk.length());
      ptr += chunk.length();
    } else {
      for (size_t i = 0; i < chunk.length(); ++i)
        put(chunk.char_ptr()[i], wrap_width);
    }
  }
};

template <typename TYPE, unsigned INPLACE_BYTES = unsigned(sizeof(void *) * 64)> struct temp_buffer {
  TYPE inplace[(INPLACE_BYTES + sizeof(TYPE) - 1) / sizeof(TYPE)];
  const size_t size;
  TYPE *const area;
  temp_buffer(size_t bytes)
      : size((bytes + sizeof(TYPE) - 1) / sizeof(TYPE)), area((bytes > sizeof(inplace)) ? new TYPE[size] : inplace) {
    memset(area, 0, sizeof(TYPE) * size);
  }
  ~temp_buffer() {
    if (area != inplace)
      delete[] area;
  }
  TYPE *end() const { return area + size; }
};

} // namespace

#ifndef MDBX_CXX_ENDL
/* Манипулятор std::endl выталкивате буфферизированый вывод, что здесь не
 * требуется.
 *
 * Кроме этого, при сборке libmdbx для символов по-умолчанию выключается
 * видимость вне DSO, из-за чего обращение к std::endl иногда укачивает
 * линковщики, если комплятор ошибочно формируют direct access к global weak
 * symbol, коим является std::endl. */
#if 0
#define MDBX_CXX_ENDL ::std::endl
#else
#define MDBX_CXX_ENDL "\n"
#endif
#endif /* MDBX_CXX_ENDL */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

namespace mdbx {

[[noreturn]] __cold void throw_max_length_exceeded() {
  throw std::length_error("mdbx:: Exceeded the maximal length of data/slice/buffer.");
}

[[noreturn]] __cold void throw_too_small_target_buffer() {
  throw std::length_error("mdbx:: The target buffer is too small.");
}

[[noreturn]] __cold void throw_out_range() {
  throw std::out_of_range("mdbx:: Slice or buffer method was called with "
                          "an argument that exceeds the length.");
}

[[noreturn]] __cold void throw_allocators_mismatch() {
  throw std::logic_error("mdbx:: An allocators mismatch, so an object could not be transferred "
                         "into an incompatible memory allocation scheme.");
}

[[noreturn]] __cold void throw_incomparable_cursors() {
  throw std::logic_error("mdbx:: incomparable and/or invalid cursors to compare positions.");
}

[[noreturn]] __cold void throw_bad_value_size() { throw bad_value_size(MDBX_BAD_VALSIZE); }

__cold exception::exception(const ::mdbx::error &error) noexcept : base(error.what()), error_(error) {}

__cold exception::~exception() noexcept {}

static std::atomic_int fatal_countdown;

__cold fatal::fatal(const ::mdbx::error &error) noexcept : base(error) { ++fatal_countdown; }

__cold fatal::~fatal() noexcept {
  if (--fatal_countdown == 0)
    std::terminate();
}

#define DEFINE_EXCEPTION(NAME)                                                                                         \
  __cold NAME::NAME(const ::mdbx::error &rc) : exception(rc) {}                                                        \
  __cold NAME::~NAME() noexcept {}

DEFINE_EXCEPTION(bad_map_id)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(bad_transaction)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(bad_value_size)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_corrupted)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_full)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_invalid)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_too_large)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_unable_extend)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_version_mismatch)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(db_wanna_write_for_recovery)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(incompatible_operation)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(internal_page_full)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(internal_problem)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(key_exists)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(key_mismatch)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(max_maps_reached)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(max_readers_reached)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(multivalue)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(no_data)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(not_found)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(operation_not_permitted)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(permission_denied_or_not_writeable)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(reader_slot_busy)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(remote_media)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(something_busy)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(thread_mismatch)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(transaction_full)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(transaction_overlapping)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(duplicated_lck_file)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(dangling_map_id)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(transaction_ousted)
DEFINE_EXCEPTION(mvcc_retarded)
#undef DEFINE_EXCEPTION

__cold const char *error::what() const noexcept {
  if (is_mdbx_error())
    return mdbx_liberr2str(code());

  switch (code()) {
#define ERROR_CASE(CODE)                                                                                               \
  case CODE:                                                                                                           \
    return MDBX_STRINGIFY(CODE)
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_ENODATA);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EINVAL);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EACCESS);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_ENOMEM);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EROFS);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_ENOSYS);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EIO);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EPERM);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EINTR);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_ENOFILE);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EREMOTE);
    ERROR_CASE(MDBX_EDEADLK);
#undef ERROR_CASE
  default:
    return "SYSTEM";
  }
}

__cold std::string error::message() const {
  char buf[1024];
  const char *msg = ::mdbx_strerror_r(code(), buf, sizeof(buf));
  return std::string(msg ? msg : "unknown");
}

[[noreturn]] __cold void error::panic(const char *context, const char *func) const noexcept {
  assert(code() != MDBX_SUCCESS);
  ::mdbx_panic("mdbx::%s.%s(): \"%s\" (%d)", context, func, what(), code());
  std::terminate();
}

__cold void error::throw_exception() const {
  switch (code()) {
  case MDBX_EINVAL:
    throw std::invalid_argument("MDBX_EINVAL");
  case MDBX_ENOMEM:
    throw std::bad_alloc();
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    static_assert(MDBX_SUCCESS == MDBX_RESULT_FALSE, "WTF?");
    throw std::logic_error("MDBX_SUCCESS (MDBX_RESULT_FALSE)");
  case MDBX_RESULT_TRUE:
    throw std::logic_error("MDBX_RESULT_TRUE");
#define CASE_EXCEPTION(NAME, CODE)                                                                                     \
  case CODE:                                                                                                           \
    throw NAME(code())
    CASE_EXCEPTION(bad_map_id, MDBX_BAD_DBI);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(bad_transaction, MDBX_BAD_TXN);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(bad_value_size, MDBX_BAD_VALSIZE);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_corrupted, MDBX_CORRUPTED);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_corrupted, MDBX_CURSOR_FULL); /* branch-pages loop */
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_corrupted, MDBX_PAGE_NOTFOUND);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_full, MDBX_MAP_FULL);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_invalid, MDBX_INVALID);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_too_large, MDBX_TOO_LARGE);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_unable_extend, MDBX_UNABLE_EXTEND_MAPSIZE);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_version_mismatch, MDBX_VERSION_MISMATCH);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(db_wanna_write_for_recovery, MDBX_WANNA_RECOVERY);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(fatal, MDBX_EBADSIGN);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(fatal, MDBX_PANIC);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(incompatible_operation, MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(internal_page_full, MDBX_PAGE_FULL);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(internal_problem, MDBX_PROBLEM);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(key_exists, MDBX_KEYEXIST);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(key_mismatch, MDBX_EKEYMISMATCH);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(max_maps_reached, MDBX_DBS_FULL);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(max_readers_reached, MDBX_READERS_FULL);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(multivalue, MDBX_EMULTIVAL);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(no_data, MDBX_ENODATA);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(not_found, MDBX_NOTFOUND);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(operation_not_permitted, MDBX_EPERM);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(permission_denied_or_not_writeable, MDBX_EACCESS);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(reader_slot_busy, MDBX_BAD_RSLOT);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(remote_media, MDBX_EREMOTE);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(something_busy, MDBX_BUSY);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(thread_mismatch, MDBX_THREAD_MISMATCH);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(transaction_full, MDBX_TXN_FULL);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(transaction_overlapping, MDBX_TXN_OVERLAPPING);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(duplicated_lck_file, MDBX_DUPLICATED_CLK);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(dangling_map_id, MDBX_DANGLING_DBI);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(transaction_ousted, MDBX_OUSTED);
    CASE_EXCEPTION(mvcc_retarded, MDBX_MVCC_RETARDED);
#undef CASE_EXCEPTION
  default:
    if (is_mdbx_error())
      throw exception(*this);
    throw std::system_error(std::error_code(code(), std::system_category()));
  }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bool slice::is_printable(bool disable_utf8) const noexcept {
  enum : byte {
    LS = 4,                     // shift for UTF8 sequence length
    P_ = 1 << LS,               // printable ASCII flag
    N_ = 0,                     // non-printable ASCII
    second_range_mask = P_ - 1, // mask for range flag
    r80_BF = 0,                 // flag for UTF8 2nd byte range
    rA0_BF = 1,                 // flag for UTF8 2nd byte range
    r80_9F = 2,                 // flag for UTF8 2nd byte range
    r90_BF = 3,                 // flag for UTF8 2nd byte range
    r80_8F = 4,                 // flag for UTF8 2nd byte range

    // valid utf-8 byte sequences
    // http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/ch03.pdf - page 94
    //                        Code               | Bytes  |        |        |
    //                        Points             | 1st    | 2nd    | 3rd    |4th
    //                       --------------------|--------|--------|--------|---
    C2 = 2 << LS | r80_BF, // U+000080..U+0007FF | C2..DF | 80..BF |        |
    E0 = 3 << LS | rA0_BF, // U+000800..U+000FFF | E0     | A0..BF | 80..BF |
    E1 = 3 << LS | r80_BF, // U+001000..U+00CFFF | E1..EC | 80..BF | 80..BF |
    ED = 3 << LS | r80_9F, // U+00D000..U+00D7FF | ED     | 80..9F | 80..BF |
    EE = 3 << LS | r80_BF, // U+00E000..U+00FFFF | EE..EF | 80..BF | 80..BF |
    F0 = 4 << LS | r90_BF, // U+010000..U+03FFFF | F0     | 90..BF | 80..BF |...
    F1 = 4 << LS | r80_BF, // U+040000..U+0FFFFF | F1..F3 | 80..BF | 80..BF |...
    F4 = 4 << LS | r80_BF, // U+100000..U+10FFFF | F4     | 80..8F | 80..BF |...
  };

  static const byte range_from[] = {0x80, 0xA0, 0x80, 0x90, 0x80};
  static const byte range_to[] = {0xBF, 0xBF, 0x9F, 0xBF, 0x8F};

  static const byte map[256] = {
      //  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   a   b   c   d   e   f
      N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, // 00
      N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, N_, // 10
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // 20
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // 30
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // 40
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // 50
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // 60
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, N_, // 70
      N_, N_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, N_, P_, N_, // 80
      N_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, N_, P_, P_, // 90
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // a0
      P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, // b0
      P_, P_, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, // c0
      C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, C2, // df
      E0, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, E1, ED, EE, EE, // e0
      F0, F1, F1, F1, F4, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_, P_  // f0
  };

  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(length() < 1))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;

  auto src = byte_ptr();
  const auto end = src + length();
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(disable_utf8)) {
    do
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY((P_ & map[*src]) == 0))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
    while (++src < end);
    return true;
  }

  do {
    const auto bits = map[*src];
    const auto second_from = range_from[bits & second_range_mask];
    const auto second_to = range_to[bits & second_range_mask];
    switch (bits >> LS) {
    default:
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
    case 1:
      src += 1;
      continue;
    case 2:
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src + 1 >= end))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src[1] < second_from || src[1] > second_to))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      src += 2;
      continue;
    case 3:
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src + 3 >= end))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src[1] < second_from || src[1] > second_to))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src[2] < 0x80 || src[2] > 0xBF))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      src += 3;
      continue;
    case 4:
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src + 4 >= end))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src[1] < second_from || src[1] > second_to))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src[2] < 0x80 || src[2] > 0xBF))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(src[3] < 0x80 || src[3] > 0xBF))
        MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
      src += 4;
      continue;
    }
  } while (src < end);

  return true;
}

#ifdef MDBX_U128_TYPE
MDBX_U128_TYPE slice::as_uint128_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(MDBX_U128_TYPE) == 16, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 16) {
    MDBX_U128_TYPE r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_uint64_adapt();
}
#endif /* MDBX_U128_TYPE */

uint64_t slice::as_uint64_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(uint64_t) == 8, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 8) {
    uint64_t r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_uint32_adapt();
}

uint32_t slice::as_uint32_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) == 4, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 4) {
    uint32_t r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_uint16_adapt();
}

uint16_t slice::as_uint16_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(uint16_t) == 2, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 2) {
    uint16_t r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_uint8_adapt();
}

uint8_t slice::as_uint8_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(uint8_t) == 1, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 1)
    return *static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data());
  else if (size() == 0)
    return 0;
  else
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_bad_value_size();
}

#ifdef MDBX_I128_TYPE
MDBX_I128_TYPE slice::as_int128_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(MDBX_I128_TYPE) == 16, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 16) {
    MDBX_I128_TYPE r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_int64_adapt();
}
#endif /* MDBX_I128_TYPE */

int64_t slice::as_int64_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(int64_t) == 8, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 8) {
    uint64_t r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_int32_adapt();
}

int32_t slice::as_int32_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(int32_t) == 4, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 4) {
    int32_t r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_int16_adapt();
}

int16_t slice::as_int16_adapt() const {
  static_assert(sizeof(int16_t) == 2, "WTF?");
  if (size() == 2) {
    int16_t r;
    memcpy(&r, data(), sizeof(r));
    return r;
  } else
    return as_int8_adapt();
}

int8_t slice::as_int8_adapt() const {
  if (size() == 1)
    return *static_cast<const int8_t *>(data());
  else if (size() == 0)
    return 0;
  else
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_bad_value_size();
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

char *to_hex::write_bytes(char *__restrict const dest, size_t dest_size) const {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(envisage_result_length() > dest_size))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_too_small_target_buffer();

  auto ptr = dest;
  auto src = source.byte_ptr();
  const char alpha_shift = (uppercase ? 'A' : 'a') - '9' - 1;
  auto line = ptr;
  for (const auto end = source.end_byte_ptr(); src != end; ++src) {
    if (wrap_width && size_t(ptr - line) >= wrap_width) {
      *ptr = '\n';
      line = ++ptr;
    }
    const int8_t hi = *src >> 4;
    const int8_t lo = *src & 15;
    ptr[0] = char('0' + hi + (((9 - hi) >> 7) & alpha_shift));
    ptr[1] = char('0' + lo + (((9 - lo) >> 7) & alpha_shift));
    ptr += 2;
    assert(ptr <= dest + dest_size);
  }
  return ptr;
}

::std::ostream &to_hex::output(::std::ostream &out) const {
  if (MDBX_LIKELY(!is_empty()))
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY {
      ::std::ostream::sentry sentry(out);
      auto src = source.byte_ptr();
      const char alpha_shift = (uppercase ? 'A' : 'a') - '9' - 1;
      unsigned width = 0;
      for (const auto end = source.end_byte_ptr(); src != end; ++src) {
        if (wrap_width && width >= wrap_width) {
          out << MDBX_CXX_ENDL;
          width = 0;
        }
        const int8_t hi = *src >> 4;
        const int8_t lo = *src & 15;
        out.put(char('0' + hi + (((9 - hi) >> 7) & alpha_shift)));
        out.put(char('0' + lo + (((9 - lo) >> 7) & alpha_shift)));
        width += 2;
      }
    }
  return out;
}

char *from_hex::write_bytes(char *__restrict const dest, size_t dest_size) const {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(source.length() % 2 && !ignore_spaces))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw std::domain_error("mdbx::from_hex:: odd length of hexadecimal string");
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(envisage_result_length() > dest_size))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_too_small_target_buffer();

  auto ptr = dest;
  auto src = source.byte_ptr();
  for (auto left = source.length(); left > 0;) {
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(*src <= ' ') && MDBX_LIKELY(ignore_spaces && isspace(*src))) {
      ++src;
      --left;
      continue;
    }

    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(left < 1 || !isxdigit(src[0]) || !isxdigit(src[1])))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw std::domain_error("mdbx::from_hex:: invalid hexadecimal string");

    int8_t hi = src[0];
    hi = (hi | 0x20) - 'a';
    hi += 10 + ((hi >> 7) & 39);

    int8_t lo = src[1];
    lo = (lo | 0x20) - 'a';
    lo += 10 + ((lo >> 7) & 39);

    *ptr++ = hi << 4 | lo;
    src += 2;
    left -= 2;
    assert(ptr <= dest + dest_size);
  }
  return ptr;
}

bool from_hex::is_erroneous() const noexcept {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(source.length() % 2 && !ignore_spaces))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return true;

  bool got = false;
  auto src = source.byte_ptr();
  for (auto left = source.length(); left > 0;) {
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(*src <= ' ') && MDBX_LIKELY(ignore_spaces && isspace(*src))) {
      ++src;
      --left;
      continue;
    }

    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(left < 1 || !isxdigit(src[0]) || !isxdigit(src[1])))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return true;

    got = true;
    src += 2;
    left -= 2;
  }
  return !got;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

enum : signed char {
  OO /* ASCII NUL */ = -8,
  EQ /* BASE64 '=' pad */ = -4,
  SP /* SPACE */ = -2,
  IL /* invalid */ = -1
};

#if MDBX_WORDBITS > 32
using b58_uint = uint_fast64_t;
#else
using b58_uint = uint_fast32_t;
#endif

struct b58_buffer : public temp_buffer<b58_uint> {
  b58_buffer(size_t bytes, size_t estimation_ratio_numerator, size_t estimation_ratio_denominator, size_t extra = 0)
      : temp_buffer(
            (/* пересчитываем по указанной пропорции */
             bytes =
                 (bytes * estimation_ratio_numerator + estimation_ratio_denominator - 1) / estimation_ratio_denominator,
             /* учитываем резервный старший байт в каждом слове */
             ((bytes + sizeof(b58_uint) - 2) / (sizeof(b58_uint) - 1) * sizeof(b58_uint) + extra) * sizeof(b58_uint))) {
  }
};

static byte b58_8to11(b58_uint &v) noexcept {
  static const char b58_alphabet[58] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F',
                                        'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W',
                                        'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'm',
                                        'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'};

  const auto i = size_t(v % 58);
  v /= 58;
  return b58_alphabet[i];
}

static slice b58_encode(b58_buffer &buf, const byte *begin, const byte *end) {
  auto high = buf.end();
  const auto modulo = b58_uint((sizeof(b58_uint) > 4) ? UINT64_C(0x1A636A90B07A00) /* 58^9 */
                                                      : UINT32_C(0xACAD10) /* 58^4 */);
  static_assert(sizeof(modulo) == 4 || sizeof(modulo) == 8, "WTF?");
  while (begin < end) {
    b58_uint carry = *begin++;
    auto ptr = buf.end();
    do {
      assert(ptr > buf.area);
      carry += *--ptr << CHAR_BIT;
      *ptr = carry % modulo;
      carry /= modulo;
    } while (carry || ptr > high);
    high = ptr;
  }

  byte *output = static_cast<byte *>(static_cast<void *>(buf.area));
  auto ptr = output;
  for (auto porous = high; porous < buf.end();) {
    auto chunk = *porous++;
    static_assert(sizeof(chunk) == 4 || sizeof(chunk) == 8, "WTF?");
    assert(chunk < modulo);
    if (sizeof(chunk) > 4) {
      ptr[8] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[7] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[6] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[5] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[4] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[3] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[2] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[1] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[0] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr += 9;
    } else {
      ptr[3] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[2] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[1] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr[0] = b58_8to11(chunk);
      ptr += 4;
    }
    assert(static_cast<void *>(ptr) < static_cast<void *>(porous));
  }

  while (output < ptr && *output == '1')
    ++output;
  return slice(output, ptr);
}

char *to_base58::write_bytes(char *__restrict const dest, size_t dest_size) const {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(envisage_result_length() > dest_size))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_too_small_target_buffer();

  auto begin = source.byte_ptr();
  auto end = source.end_byte_ptr();
  line_wrapper wrapper(dest);
  while (MDBX_LIKELY(begin < end) && *begin == 0) {
    wrapper.put('1', wrap_width);
    assert(wrapper.ptr <= dest + dest_size);
    ++begin;
  }

  b58_buffer buf(end - begin, 11, 8);
  wrapper.put(b58_encode(buf, begin, end), wrap_width);
  return wrapper.ptr;
}

::std::ostream &to_base58::output(::std::ostream &out) const {
  if (MDBX_LIKELY(!is_empty()))
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY {
      ::std::ostream::sentry sentry(out);
      auto begin = source.byte_ptr();
      auto end = source.end_byte_ptr();
      unsigned width = 0;
      while (MDBX_LIKELY(begin < end) && *begin == 0) {
        out.put('1');
        if (wrap_width && ++width >= wrap_width) {
          out << MDBX_CXX_ENDL;
          width = 0;
        }
        ++begin;
      }

      b58_buffer buf(end - begin, 11, 8);
      const auto chunk = b58_encode(buf, begin, end);
      if (!wrap_width || wrap_width > width + chunk.length())
        out.write(chunk.char_ptr(), chunk.length());
      else {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < chunk.length(); ++i) {
          out.put(chunk.char_ptr()[i]);
          if (wrap_width && ++width >= wrap_width) {
            out << MDBX_CXX_ENDL;
            width = 0;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  return out;
}

const signed char b58_map[256] = {
    //   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   a   b   c   d   e   f
    OO, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, SP, SP, SP, SP, SP, IL, IL, // 00
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 10
    SP, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 20
    IL, 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 30
    IL, 9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, IL, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, IL, // 40
    22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 50
    IL, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, IL, 44, 45, 46, // 60
    47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 70
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 80
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 90
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // a0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // b0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // c0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // d0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // e0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL  // f0
};

static slice b58_decode(b58_buffer &buf, const byte *begin, const byte *end, bool ignore_spaces) {
  auto high = buf.end();
  while (begin < end) {
    const auto c = b58_map[*begin++];
    if (MDBX_LIKELY(c >= 0)) {
      b58_uint carry = c;
      auto ptr = buf.end();
      do {
        assert(ptr > buf.area);
        carry += *--ptr * 58;
        *ptr = carry & (~b58_uint(0) >> CHAR_BIT);
        carry >>= CHAR_BIT * (sizeof(carry) - 1);
      } while (carry || ptr > high);
      high = ptr;
    } else if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(!ignore_spaces || !isspace(begin[-1])))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY
    throw std::domain_error("mdbx::from_base58:: invalid base58 string");
  }

  byte *output = static_cast<byte *>(static_cast<void *>(buf.area));
  auto ptr = output;
  for (auto porous = high; porous < buf.end(); ++porous) {
    auto chunk = *porous;
    static_assert(sizeof(chunk) == 4 || sizeof(chunk) == 8, "WTF?");
    assert(chunk <= (~b58_uint(0) >> CHAR_BIT));
    if (sizeof(chunk) > 4) {
      *ptr++ = byte(uint_fast64_t(chunk) >> CHAR_BIT * 6);
      *ptr++ = byte(uint_fast64_t(chunk) >> CHAR_BIT * 5);
      *ptr++ = byte(uint_fast64_t(chunk) >> CHAR_BIT * 4);
      *ptr++ = byte(chunk >> CHAR_BIT * 3);
    }
    *ptr++ = byte(chunk >> CHAR_BIT * 2);
    *ptr++ = byte(chunk >> CHAR_BIT * 1);
    *ptr++ = byte(chunk >> CHAR_BIT * 0);
  }

  while (output < ptr && *output == 0)
    ++output;
  return slice(output, ptr);
}

char *from_base58::write_bytes(char *__restrict const dest, size_t dest_size) const {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(envisage_result_length() > dest_size))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_too_small_target_buffer();

  auto ptr = dest;
  auto begin = source.byte_ptr();
  auto const end = source.end_byte_ptr();
  while (begin < end && *begin <= '1') {
    if (MDBX_LIKELY(*begin == '1'))
      MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY *ptr++ = 0;
    else if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(!ignore_spaces || !isspace(*begin)))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY
    throw std::domain_error("mdbx::from_base58:: invalid base58 string");
    ++begin;
  }

  b58_buffer buf(end - begin, 47, 64);
  auto slice = b58_decode(buf, begin, end, ignore_spaces);
  memcpy(ptr, slice.data(), slice.length());
  return ptr + slice.length();
}

bool from_base58::is_erroneous() const noexcept {
  auto begin = source.byte_ptr();
  auto const end = source.end_byte_ptr();
  while (begin < end) {
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(b58_map[*begin] < 0 && !(ignore_spaces && isspace(*begin))))
      return true;
    ++begin;
  }
  return false;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline void b64_3to4(const byte x, const byte y, const byte z, char *__restrict dest) noexcept {
  static const byte alphabet[64] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
                                    'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
                                    'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
                                    'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'};
  dest[0] = alphabet[(x & 0xfc) >> 2];
  dest[1] = alphabet[((x & 0x03) << 4) + ((y & 0xf0) >> 4)];
  dest[2] = alphabet[((y & 0x0f) << 2) + ((z & 0xc0) >> 6)];
  dest[3] = alphabet[z & 0x3f];
}

char *to_base64::write_bytes(char *__restrict const dest, size_t dest_size) const {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(envisage_result_length() > dest_size))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_too_small_target_buffer();

  auto ptr = dest;
  auto src = source.byte_ptr();
  size_t left = source.length();
  auto line = ptr;
  while (true) {
    switch (left) {
    default:
      MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY left -= 3;
      b64_3to4(src[0], src[1], src[2], ptr);
      ptr += 4;
      src += 3;
      if (wrap_width && size_t(ptr - line) >= wrap_width && left) {
        *ptr = '\n';
        line = ++ptr;
      }
      assert(ptr <= dest + dest_size);
      continue;
    case 2:
      b64_3to4(src[0], src[1], 0, ptr);
      ptr[3] = '=';
      assert(ptr + 4 <= dest + dest_size);
      return ptr + 4;
    case 1:
      b64_3to4(src[0], 0, 0, ptr);
      ptr[2] = ptr[3] = '=';
      assert(ptr + 4 <= dest + dest_size);
      return ptr + 4;
    case 0:
      return ptr;
    }
  }
}

::std::ostream &to_base64::output(::std::ostream &out) const {
  if (MDBX_LIKELY(!is_empty()))
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY {
      ::std::ostream::sentry sentry(out);
      auto src = source.byte_ptr();
      size_t left = source.length();
      unsigned width = 0;
      std::array<char, 4> buf;

      while (true) {
        switch (left) {
        default:
          MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY left -= 3;
          b64_3to4(src[0], src[1], src[2], &buf.front());
          src += 3;
          out.write(&buf.front(), 4);
          if (wrap_width && (width += 4) >= wrap_width && left) {
            out << MDBX_CXX_ENDL;
            width = 0;
          }
          continue;
        case 2:
          b64_3to4(src[0], src[1], 0, &buf.front());
          buf[3] = '=';
          return out.write(&buf.front(), 4);
        case 1:
          b64_3to4(src[0], 0, 0, &buf.front());
          buf[2] = buf[3] = '=';
          return out.write(&buf.front(), 4);
        case 0:
          return out;
        }
      }
    }
  return out;
}

static const signed char b64_map[256] = {
    //   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   a   b   c   d   e   f
    OO, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, SP, SP, SP, SP, SP, IL, IL, // 00
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 10
    SP, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, 62, IL, IL, IL, 63, // 20
    52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, IL, IL, IL, EQ, IL, IL, // 30
    IL, 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, // 40
    15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 50
    IL, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, // 60
    41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 70
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 80
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // 90
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // a0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // b0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // c0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // d0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, // e0
    IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL, IL  // f0
};

static inline signed char b64_4to3(signed char a, signed char b, signed char c, signed char d,
                                   char *__restrict dest) noexcept {
  dest[0] = byte((a << 2) + ((b & 0x30) >> 4));
  dest[1] = byte(((b & 0xf) << 4) + ((c & 0x3c) >> 2));
  dest[2] = byte(((c & 0x3) << 6) + d);
  return a | b | c | d;
}

char *from_base64::write_bytes(char *__restrict const dest, size_t dest_size) const {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(source.length() % 4 && !ignore_spaces))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw std::domain_error("mdbx::from_base64:: odd length of base64 string");
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(envisage_result_length() > dest_size))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw_too_small_target_buffer();

  auto ptr = dest;
  auto src = source.byte_ptr();
  for (auto left = source.length(); left > 0;) {
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(*src <= ' ') && MDBX_LIKELY(ignore_spaces && isspace(*src))) {
      ++src;
      --left;
      continue;
    }

    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(left < 3))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY {
      bailout:
        throw std::domain_error("mdbx::from_base64:: invalid base64 string");
      }
    const signed char a = b64_map[src[0]], b = b64_map[src[1]], c = b64_map[src[2]], d = b64_map[src[3]];
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(b64_4to3(a, b, c, d, ptr) < 0)) {
      if (left == 4 && (a | b) >= 0 && d == EQ) {
        if (c >= 0) {
          assert(ptr + 2 <= dest + dest_size);
          return ptr + 2;
        }
        if (c == d) {
          assert(ptr + 1 <= dest + dest_size);
          return ptr + 1;
        }
      }
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY goto bailout;
    }
    src += 4;
    left -= 4;
    ptr += 3;
    assert(ptr <= dest + dest_size);
  }
  return ptr;
}

bool from_base64::is_erroneous() const noexcept {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(source.length() % 4 && !ignore_spaces))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return true;

  bool got = false;
  auto src = source.byte_ptr();
  for (auto left = source.length(); left > 0;) {
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(*src <= ' ') && MDBX_LIKELY(ignore_spaces && isspace(*src))) {
      ++src;
      --left;
      continue;
    }

    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(left < 3))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY return false;
    const signed char a = b64_map[src[0]], b = b64_map[src[1]], c = b64_map[src[2]], d = b64_map[src[3]];
    if (MDBX_UNLIKELY((a | b | c | d) < 0))
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY {
        if (left == 4 && (a | b) >= 0 && d == EQ && (c >= 0 || c == d))
          return false;
        return true;
      }
    got = true;
    src += 4;
    left -= 4;
  }
  return !got;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(push)
/* warning C4251: 'mdbx::buffer<...>::silo_':
 *   struct 'mdbx::buffer<..>::silo' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class 'mdbx::buffer<...>'
 *
 * Microsoft не хочет признавать ошибки и пересматривать приятные решения, поэтому MSVC продолжает кошмарить
 * и стращать разработчиков предупреждениями, тем самым перекладывая ответственность на их плечи.
 *
 * В данном случае предупреждение выдаётся из-за инстанцирования std::string::allocator_type::pointer и
 * std::pmr::string::allocator_type::pointer внутри mdbx::buffer<..>::silo. А так как эти типы являются частью
 * стандартной библиотеки C++ они всегда будут доступны и без необходимости их инстанцирования и экспорта из libmdbx.
 *
 * Поэтому нет других вариантов как заглушить это предупреждение и еще раз плюнуть в сторону microsoft. */
#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
#endif /* MSVC */

MDBX_INSTALL_API_TEMPLATE(LIBMDBX_API_TYPE, buffer<legacy_allocator>);

#if defined(__cpp_lib_memory_resource) && __cpp_lib_memory_resource >= 201603L && _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
MDBX_INSTALL_API_TEMPLATE(LIBMDBX_API_TYPE, buffer<polymorphic_allocator>);
#endif /* __cpp_lib_memory_resource >= 201603L */

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif /* MSVC */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline MDBX_env_flags_t mode2flags(env::mode mode) {
  switch (mode) {
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw std::invalid_argument("db::mode is invalid");
  case env::mode::readonly:
    return MDBX_RDONLY;
  case env::mode::write_file_io:
    return MDBX_ENV_DEFAULTS;
  case env::mode::write_mapped_io:
    return MDBX_WRITEMAP;
  }
}

__cold MDBX_env_flags_t env::operate_parameters::make_flags(bool accede, bool use_subdirectory) const {
  MDBX_env_flags_t flags = mode2flags(mode);
  if (accede)
    flags |= MDBX_ACCEDE;
  if (!use_subdirectory)
    flags |= MDBX_NOSUBDIR;
  if (options.exclusive)
    flags |= MDBX_EXCLUSIVE;
  if (options.no_sticky_threads)
    flags |= MDBX_NOSTICKYTHREADS;
  if (options.disable_readahead)
    flags |= MDBX_NORDAHEAD;
  if (options.disable_clear_memory)
    flags |= MDBX_NOMEMINIT;
  if (options.enable_validation)
    flags |= MDBX_VALIDATION;

  if (mode != readonly) {
    if (options.nested_write_transactions)
      flags &= ~MDBX_WRITEMAP;
    if (reclaiming.coalesce)
      flags |= MDBX_COALESCE;
    if (reclaiming.lifo)
      flags |= MDBX_LIFORECLAIM;
    switch (durability) {
    default:
      MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY throw std::invalid_argument("db::durability is invalid");
    case env::durability::robust_synchronous:
      break;
    case env::durability::half_synchronous_weak_last:
      flags |= MDBX_NOMETASYNC;
      break;
    case env::durability::lazy_weak_tail:
      static_assert(MDBX_MAPASYNC == MDBX_SAFE_NOSYNC, "WTF? Obsolete C API?");
      flags |= MDBX_SAFE_NOSYNC;
      break;
    case env::durability::whole_fragile:
      flags |= MDBX_UTTERLY_NOSYNC;
      break;
    }
  }
  return flags;
}

env::mode env::operate_parameters::mode_from_flags(MDBX_env_flags_t flags) noexcept {
  if (flags & MDBX_RDONLY)
    return env::mode::readonly;
  return (flags & MDBX_WRITEMAP) ? env::mode::write_mapped_io : env::mode::write_file_io;
}

env::durability env::operate_parameters::durability_from_flags(MDBX_env_flags_t flags) noexcept {
  if ((flags & MDBX_UTTERLY_NOSYNC) == MDBX_UTTERLY_NOSYNC)
    return env::durability::whole_fragile;
  if (flags & MDBX_SAFE_NOSYNC)
    return env::durability::lazy_weak_tail;
  if (flags & MDBX_NOMETASYNC)
    return env::durability::half_synchronous_weak_last;
  return env::durability::robust_synchronous;
}

env::reclaiming_options::reclaiming_options(MDBX_env_flags_t flags) noexcept
    : lifo((flags & MDBX_LIFORECLAIM) ? true : false), coalesce((flags & MDBX_COALESCE) ? true : false) {}

env::operate_options::operate_options(MDBX_env_flags_t flags) noexcept
    : no_sticky_threads(((flags & (MDBX_NOSTICKYTHREADS | MDBX_EXCLUSIVE)) == MDBX_NOSTICKYTHREADS) ? true : false),
      nested_write_transactions((flags & (MDBX_WRITEMAP | MDBX_RDONLY)) ? false : true),
      exclusive((flags & MDBX_EXCLUSIVE) ? true : false), disable_readahead((flags & MDBX_NORDAHEAD) ? true : false),
      disable_clear_memory((flags & MDBX_NOMEMINIT) ? true : false) {}

bool env::is_pristine() const { return get_stat().ms_mod_txnid == 0 && get_info().mi_recent_txnid == INITIAL_TXNID; }

bool env::is_empty() const { return get_stat().ms_leaf_pages == 0; }

__cold env &env::copy(filehandle fd, bool compactify, bool force_dynamic_size) {
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_copy2fd(handle_, fd,
                                             (compactify ? MDBX_CP_COMPACT : MDBX_CP_DEFAULTS) |
                                                 (force_dynamic_size ? MDBX_CP_FORCE_DYNAMIC_SIZE : MDBX_CP_DEFAULTS)));
  return *this;
}

__cold env &env::copy(const char *destination, bool compactify, bool force_dynamic_size) {
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_copy(handle_, destination,
                                          (compactify ? MDBX_CP_COMPACT : MDBX_CP_DEFAULTS) |
                                              (force_dynamic_size ? MDBX_CP_FORCE_DYNAMIC_SIZE : MDBX_CP_DEFAULTS)));
  return *this;
}

__cold env &env::copy(const ::std::string &destination, bool compactify, bool force_dynamic_size) {
  return copy(destination.c_str(), compactify, force_dynamic_size);
}

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
__cold env &env::copy(const wchar_t *destination, bool compactify, bool force_dynamic_size) {
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_copyW(handle_, destination,
                                           (compactify ? MDBX_CP_COMPACT : MDBX_CP_DEFAULTS) |
                                               (force_dynamic_size ? MDBX_CP_FORCE_DYNAMIC_SIZE : MDBX_CP_DEFAULTS)));
  return *this;
}

env &env::copy(const ::std::wstring &destination, bool compactify, bool force_dynamic_size) {
  return copy(destination.c_str(), compactify, force_dynamic_size);
}
#endif /* Windows */

#ifdef MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH
__cold env &env::copy(const MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH &destination, bool compactify, bool force_dynamic_size) {
  return copy(destination.native(), compactify, force_dynamic_size);
}
#endif /* MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH */

__cold path env::get_path() const {
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
  const wchar_t *c_wstr;
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_get_pathW(handle_, &c_wstr));
  static_assert(sizeof(path::value_type) == sizeof(wchar_t), "Oops");
  return path(c_wstr);
#else
  const char *c_str;
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_get_path(handle_, &c_str));
  static_assert(sizeof(path::value_type) == sizeof(char), "Oops");
  return path(c_str);
#endif
}

__cold bool env::remove(const char *pathname, const remove_mode mode) {
  return !error::boolean_or_throw(::mdbx_env_delete(pathname, MDBX_env_delete_mode_t(mode)));
}

__cold bool env::remove(const ::std::string &pathname, const remove_mode mode) {
  return remove(pathname.c_str(), mode);
}

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
__cold bool env::remove(const wchar_t *pathname, const remove_mode mode) {
  return !error::boolean_or_throw(::mdbx_env_deleteW(pathname, MDBX_env_delete_mode_t(mode)));
}

__cold bool env::remove(const ::std::wstring &pathname, const remove_mode mode) {
  return remove(pathname.c_str(), mode);
}
#endif /* Windows */

#ifdef MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH
__cold bool env::remove(const MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH &pathname, const remove_mode mode) {
  return remove(pathname.native(), mode);
}
#endif /* MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline MDBX_env *create_env() {
  MDBX_env *ptr;
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_create(&ptr));
  assert(ptr != nullptr);
  return ptr;
}

__cold env_managed::~env_managed() noexcept {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(handle_))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::success_or_panic(::mdbx_env_close(handle_), "mdbx::~env()", "mdbx_env_close");
}

__cold void env_managed::close(bool dont_sync) {
  const error rc = static_cast<MDBX_error_t>(::mdbx_env_close_ex(handle_, dont_sync));
  switch (rc.code()) {
  case MDBX_EBADSIGN:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY handle_ = nullptr;
    __fallthrough /* fall through */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY rc.throw_exception();
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY handle_ = nullptr;
  }
}

__cold void env_managed::setup(unsigned max_maps, unsigned max_readers) {
  if (max_readers > 0)
    error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_set_maxreaders(handle_, max_readers));
  if (max_maps > 0)
    error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_set_maxdbs(handle_, max_maps));
}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const char *pathname, const operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(create_env()) {
  setup(op.max_maps, op.max_readers);
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_open(handle_, pathname, op.make_flags(accede), 0));

  if (op.options.nested_write_transactions && !get_options().nested_write_transactions)
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE);
}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const char *pathname, const env_managed::create_parameters &cp,
                                const env::operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(create_env()) {
  setup(op.max_maps, op.max_readers);
  set_geometry(cp.geometry);
  error::success_or_throw(
      ::mdbx_env_open(handle_, pathname, op.make_flags(accede, cp.use_subdirectory), cp.file_mode_bits));

  if (op.options.nested_write_transactions && !get_options().nested_write_transactions)
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE);
}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const ::std::string &pathname, const operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(pathname.c_str(), op, accede) {}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const ::std::string &pathname, const env_managed::create_parameters &cp,
                                const env::operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(pathname.c_str(), cp, op, accede) {}

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
__cold env_managed::env_managed(const wchar_t *pathname, const operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(create_env()) {
  setup(op.max_maps, op.max_readers);
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_env_openW(handle_, pathname, op.make_flags(accede), 0));

  if (op.options.nested_write_transactions && !get_options().nested_write_transactions)
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE);
}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const wchar_t *pathname, const env_managed::create_parameters &cp,
                                const env::operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(create_env()) {
  setup(op.max_maps, op.max_readers);
  set_geometry(cp.geometry);
  error::success_or_throw(
      ::mdbx_env_openW(handle_, pathname, op.make_flags(accede, cp.use_subdirectory), cp.file_mode_bits));

  if (op.options.nested_write_transactions && !get_options().nested_write_transactions)
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(MDBX_INCOMPATIBLE);
}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const ::std::wstring &pathname, const operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(pathname.c_str(), op, accede) {}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const ::std::wstring &pathname, const env_managed::create_parameters &cp,
                                const env::operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(pathname.c_str(), cp, op, accede) {}
#endif /* Windows */

#ifdef MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH
__cold env_managed::env_managed(const MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH &pathname, const operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(pathname.native(), op, accede) {}

__cold env_managed::env_managed(const MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH &pathname, const env_managed::create_parameters &cp,
                                const env::operate_parameters &op, bool accede)
    : env_managed(pathname.native(), cp, op, accede) {}
#endif /* MDBX_STD_FILESYSTEM_PATH */

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

txn_managed txn::start_nested() {
  MDBX_txn *nested;
  error::throw_on_nullptr(handle_, MDBX_BAD_TXN);
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_txn_begin(mdbx_txn_env(handle_), handle_, MDBX_TXN_READWRITE, &nested));
  assert(nested != nullptr);
  return txn_managed(nested);
}

txn_managed::~txn_managed() noexcept {
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(handle_))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::success_or_panic(::mdbx_txn_abort(handle_), "mdbx::~txn", "mdbx_txn_abort");
}

void txn_managed::abort() {
  const error err = static_cast<MDBX_error_t>(::mdbx_txn_abort(handle_));
  if (MDBX_LIKELY(err.code() != MDBX_THREAD_MISMATCH))
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY handle_ = nullptr;
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(err.code() != MDBX_SUCCESS))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY err.throw_exception();
}

void txn_managed::commit() {
  const error err = static_cast<MDBX_error_t>(::mdbx_txn_commit(handle_));
  if (MDBX_LIKELY(err.code() != MDBX_THREAD_MISMATCH))
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY handle_ = nullptr;
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(err.code() != MDBX_SUCCESS))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY err.throw_exception();
}

void txn_managed::commit(commit_latency *latency) {
  const error err = static_cast<MDBX_error_t>(::mdbx_txn_commit_ex(handle_, latency));
  if (MDBX_LIKELY(err.code() != MDBX_THREAD_MISMATCH))
    MDBX_CXX20_LIKELY handle_ = nullptr;
  if (MDBX_UNLIKELY(err.code() != MDBX_SUCCESS))
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY err.throw_exception();
}

void txn_managed::commit_embark_read() {
  auto env = this->env();
  commit();
  error::success_or_throw(::mdbx_txn_begin(env, nullptr, MDBX_TXN_RDONLY, &handle_));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

__cold bool txn::drop_map(const char *name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  map_handle map;
  const int err = ::mdbx_dbi_open(handle_, name, MDBX_DB_ACCEDE, &map.dbi);
  switch (err) {
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    drop_map(map);
    return true;
  case MDBX_NOTFOUND:
  case MDBX_BAD_DBI:
    if (!throw_if_absent)
      return false;
    MDBX_CXX17_FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(err);
  }
}

__cold bool txn::clear_map(const char *name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  map_handle map;
  const int err = ::mdbx_dbi_open(handle_, name, MDBX_DB_ACCEDE, &map.dbi);
  switch (err) {
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    clear_map(map);
    return true;
  case MDBX_NOTFOUND:
  case MDBX_BAD_DBI:
    if (!throw_if_absent)
      return false;
    MDBX_CXX17_FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(err);
  }
}

__cold bool txn::rename_map(const char *old_name, const char *new_name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  map_handle map;
  const int err = ::mdbx_dbi_open(handle_, old_name, MDBX_DB_ACCEDE, &map.dbi);
  switch (err) {
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    rename_map(map, new_name);
    return true;
  case MDBX_NOTFOUND:
  case MDBX_BAD_DBI:
    if (!throw_if_absent)
      return false;
    MDBX_CXX17_FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(err);
  }
}

__cold bool txn::drop_map(const ::mdbx::slice &name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  map_handle map;
  const int err = ::mdbx_dbi_open2(handle_, name, MDBX_DB_ACCEDE, &map.dbi);
  switch (err) {
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    drop_map(map);
    return true;
  case MDBX_NOTFOUND:
  case MDBX_BAD_DBI:
    if (!throw_if_absent)
      return false;
    MDBX_CXX17_FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(err);
  }
}

__cold bool txn::clear_map(const ::mdbx::slice &name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  map_handle map;
  const int err = ::mdbx_dbi_open2(handle_, name, MDBX_DB_ACCEDE, &map.dbi);
  switch (err) {
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    clear_map(map);
    return true;
  case MDBX_NOTFOUND:
  case MDBX_BAD_DBI:
    if (!throw_if_absent)
      return false;
    MDBX_CXX17_FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(err);
  }
}

__cold bool txn::rename_map(const ::mdbx::slice &old_name, const ::mdbx::slice &new_name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  map_handle map;
  const int err = ::mdbx_dbi_open2(handle_, old_name, MDBX_DB_ACCEDE, &map.dbi);
  switch (err) {
  case MDBX_SUCCESS:
    rename_map(map, new_name);
    return true;
  case MDBX_NOTFOUND:
  case MDBX_BAD_DBI:
    if (!throw_if_absent)
      return false;
    MDBX_CXX17_FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */;
  default:
    MDBX_CXX20_UNLIKELY error::throw_exception(err);
  }
}

__cold bool txn::rename_map(const ::std::string &old_name, const ::std::string &new_name, bool throw_if_absent) {
  return rename_map(::mdbx::slice(old_name), ::mdbx::slice(new_name), throw_if_absent);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const slice &it) {
  out << "{";
  if (!it.is_valid())
    out << "INVALID." << it.length();
  else if (it.is_null())
    out << "NULL";
  else if (it.empty())
    out << "EMPTY->" << it.data();
  else {
    const slice root(it.head(std::min(it.length(), size_t(64))));
    out << it.length() << ".";
    if (root.is_printable())
      (out << "\"").write(root.char_ptr(), root.length()) << "\"";
    else
      out << root.encode_base58();
    if (root.length() < it.length())
      out << "...";
  }
  return out << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const pair &it) {
  return out << "{" << it.key << " => " << it.value << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const pair_result &it) {
  return out << "{" << (it.done ? "done: " : "non-done: ") << it.key << " => " << it.value << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const ::mdbx::env::geometry::size &it) {
  switch (it.bytes) {
  case ::mdbx::env::geometry::default_value:
    return out << "default";
  case ::mdbx::env::geometry::minimal_value:
    return out << "minimal";
  case ::mdbx::env::geometry::maximal_value:
    return out << "maximal";
  }

  const auto bytes = (it.bytes < 0) ? out << "-", size_t(-it.bytes) : size_t(it.bytes);
  struct {
    size_t one;
    const char *suffix;
  } static const scales[] = {
#if MDBX_WORDBITS > 32
      {env_managed::geometry::EiB, "EiB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::EB, "EB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::PiB, "PiB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::PB, "PB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::TiB, "TiB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::TB, "TB"},
#endif
      {env_managed::geometry::GiB, "GiB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::GB, "GB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::MiB, "MiB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::MB, "MB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::KiB, "KiB"},
      {env_managed::geometry::kB, "kB"},
      {1, " bytes"}};

  for (const auto i : scales)
    if (bytes % i.one == 0)
      return out << bytes / i.one << i.suffix;

  assert(false);
  __unreachable();
  return out;
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env::geometry &it) {
  return                                                                //
      out << "\tlower " << env::geometry::size(it.size_lower)           //
          << ",\n\tnow " << env::geometry::size(it.size_now)            //
          << ",\n\tupper " << env::geometry::size(it.size_upper)        //
          << ",\n\tgrowth " << env::geometry::size(it.growth_step)      //
          << ",\n\tshrink " << env::geometry::size(it.shrink_threshold) //
          << ",\n\tpagesize " << env::geometry::size(it.pagesize) << "\n";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env::operate_parameters &it) {
  return out << "{\n"                                 //
             << "\tmax_maps " << it.max_maps          //
             << ",\n\tmax_readers " << it.max_readers //
             << ",\n\tmode " << it.mode               //
             << ",\n\tdurability " << it.durability   //
             << ",\n\treclaiming " << it.reclaiming   //
             << ",\n\toptions " << it.options         //
             << "\n}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env::mode &it) {
  switch (it) {
  case env::mode::readonly:
    return out << "readonly";
  case env::mode::write_file_io:
    return out << "write_file_io";
  case env::mode::write_mapped_io:
    return out << "write_mapped_io";
  default:
    return out << "mdbx::env::mode::invalid";
  }
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env::durability &it) {
  switch (it) {
  case env::durability::robust_synchronous:
    return out << "robust_synchronous";
  case env::durability::half_synchronous_weak_last:
    return out << "half_synchronous_weak_last";
  case env::durability::lazy_weak_tail:
    return out << "lazy_weak_tail";
  case env::durability::whole_fragile:
    return out << "whole_fragile";
  default:
    return out << "mdbx::env::durability::invalid";
  }
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env::reclaiming_options &it) {
  return out << "{"                                            //
             << "lifo: " << (it.lifo ? "yes" : "no")           //
             << ", coalesce: " << (it.coalesce ? "yes" : "no") //
             << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env::operate_options &it) {
  static const char comma[] = ", ";
  const char *delimiter = "";
  out << "{";
  if (it.no_sticky_threads) {
    out << delimiter << "no_sticky_threads";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it.nested_write_transactions) {
    out << delimiter << "nested_write_transactions";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it.exclusive) {
    out << delimiter << "exclusive";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it.disable_readahead) {
    out << delimiter << "disable_readahead";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it.disable_clear_memory) {
    out << delimiter << "disable_clear_memory";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (delimiter != comma)
    out << "default";
  return out << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const env_managed::create_parameters &it) {
  return out << "{\n"                                                        //
             << "\tfile_mode " << std::oct << it.file_mode_bits << std::dec  //
             << ",\n\tsubdirectory " << (it.use_subdirectory ? "yes" : "no") //
             << ",\n"
             << it.geometry << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const MDBX_log_level_t &it) {
  switch (it) {
  case MDBX_LOG_FATAL:
    return out << "LOG_FATAL";
  case MDBX_LOG_ERROR:
    return out << "LOG_ERROR";
  case MDBX_LOG_WARN:
    return out << "LOG_WARN";
  case MDBX_LOG_NOTICE:
    return out << "LOG_NOTICE";
  case MDBX_LOG_VERBOSE:
    return out << "LOG_VERBOSE";
  case MDBX_LOG_DEBUG:
    return out << "LOG_DEBUG";
  case MDBX_LOG_TRACE:
    return out << "LOG_TRACE";
  case MDBX_LOG_EXTRA:
    return out << "LOG_EXTRA";
  case MDBX_LOG_DONTCHANGE:
    return out << "LOG_DONTCHANGE";
  default:
    return out << "mdbx::log_level::invalid";
  }
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const MDBX_debug_flags_t &it) {
  if (it == MDBX_DBG_DONTCHANGE)
    return out << "DBG_DONTCHANGE";

  static const char comma[] = "|";
  const char *delimiter = "";
  out << "{";
  if (it & MDBX_DBG_ASSERT) {
    out << delimiter << "DBG_ASSERT";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it & MDBX_DBG_AUDIT) {
    out << delimiter << "DBG_AUDIT";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it & MDBX_DBG_JITTER) {
    out << delimiter << "DBG_JITTER";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it & MDBX_DBG_DUMP) {
    out << delimiter << "DBG_DUMP";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it & MDBX_DBG_LEGACY_MULTIOPEN) {
    out << delimiter << "DBG_LEGACY_MULTIOPEN";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (it & MDBX_DBG_LEGACY_OVERLAP) {
    out << delimiter << "DBG_LEGACY_OVERLAP";
    delimiter = comma;
  }
  if (delimiter != comma)
    out << "DBG_NONE";
  return out << "}";
}

__cold ::std::ostream &operator<<(::std::ostream &out, const ::mdbx::error &err) {
  return out << err.what() << " (" << long(err.code()) << ")";
}

} // namespace mdbx
